Water and Separating Techniques

Mixtures A mixture of substances can be easily separated The substances are not chemically combined You could separate all the orange Smarties from the rest Examples of mixtures are the air, sea water, rock salt

Dissolving Sugar can be dissolved in water If you add too much sugar some of it will not dissolve The water is fully saturated To speed up dissolving you could: 1.Stir the mixture 2.Heat up the water 3.Crush the sugar (reduce it’s surface area)

Key Words Coffee granules Solute Boiling Water Solvent

Key Words Coffee Solution

Dissolving Water is a solvent (it dissolves things) If you get paint on your hands you might need to use a different solvent e.g. Terpentine, White Spirits (ethanol) etc. A solute is the substance being dissolved e.g. salt or sugar A solution is the mixture of water and sugar A saturated solution cannot dissolve anymore solute

A Saturated Solution

More can be dissolved at a higher temperature When saturated solutions cool down some solutes is forced to become sediment

Filtering Filtering separates insoluble substances from a liquid (e.g. sand and water) Sand is being separated from salt solution There is filter paper in the filter funnel Residue will be left in the filter paper The filtrate will drip through the funnel into the conical flask

Evaporation This separates dissolved substances from a liquid (e.g. salt and water) Salt water is placed in an evaporating basin It is heated with a Bunsen burner The water will evaporate leaving salt behind

Simple Distillation This is for separating a liquid from a solution (e.g. water from ink) Leibig Condensor Ink Water Heat Steam Cold water in Cold water out Ink is a solution of water and a solute The water can be evaporated by heating it This steam can be cooled down by the Leibig Condensor to make water droplets Pure water can be collected in the beaker

A Separating Funnel This can be used to separate two immiscible liquids Oil and water do not mix (they are immiscible) Leave the two layers to settle The bottom one (water) can be poured first (using the tap at the bottom) The tap can be closed to keep the oil in

Chromatography This is good for separating dissolved substances with different colours The different colours will separate out at different speeds A solvent is needed to dissolve the substances

Chromatography This can be done on sweets e.g. Smarties, Skittles It can also be done on grass cholorophyll Grass has light and dark green as well as yellow in it

Magnets If you spill a magnetic metal you can pick it up using a magnet Magnets can be used to take Iron filings out of your eyes Magnets are used to separate Steel cans from Aluminium cans when they are recycled

The Water Cycle All the water on Earth is recycled

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