Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz - Technion Israel Institute of Technology Educational Toolkit Management and Use Module 6 Basic Course Teaching Material Topic Protection and rehabilitation of historic city of Acre

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Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz - Technion Israel Institute of Technology Abstract The current presentation is an overview of the general approach to protecting the cultural heritage of the World Heritage City of Acre and basic steps undertaken for its protection, conservation and development. These consist of understanding buildings in acre, diagnosing its archaeological sites and historic buildings, understanding the structural system of buildings in Acre, classifying historic buildings in Acre, studying changes in the buildings throughout their lifetime and causes of decay, and providing conservation interventions with subsequent evaluation of results. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz - Technion Israel Institute of Technology Shelley-Anne Peleg – Israel Antiquities Authority Content Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Table of contents of this presentation The General Approach to Protecting the Cultural Heritage of Acre Understanding Buildings in Acre Diagnosing Archaeological Sites and Historic Buildings in Acre Understanding the Structural System of Buildings in Acre Classifying Historic Buildings in Acre Changes in the Acre Buildings throughout their Lifetime Causes of Decay of Buildings in Acre Intervening in the Acre Buildings

Acre – General Background Acre is situated on a peninsula, on the northern coast of Israel. Twice in its history, Acre became an international city - in the thirteenth century, as the crusader capital city of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem and in the nineteenth century, under El-Jazzar Pasha,the Ottoman ruler. Despite the many years that have passed, authentic archaeological and historical evidence from these two periods still remain in the city. It is within these remains, that modern life continues to this day. 5 Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Shelley-Anne Peleg - Israel Antiquities Authority

2.1.1 The General Approach to Protecting the Cultural Heritage of Acre Protection of the Cultural Heritage in Akko includes legal means and public awareness. Legal Means: – The Old City is protected by the Israeli Antiquities Law (1978) – The Master Plan designating development procedures for the city (1994) – The Conservation Appendix, authorized as part of the Master Plan – states degrees of conservation for all 1000 buildings in the city, the establishment of a conservation committee to authorize building additions and conservation inspection. (1997) – Acre declared a World Heritage Site state the Israeli obligation to preserve the cultural heritage of Acre to the international community (2001) 6 Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

2.1.2 Understanding Buildings in Acre Initial stage - Urban Survey of all buildings in Akko include basic information about each building Second stage – includes a full documentation file for each building: General data Legal information Historic and cultural background Documentation of existing condition Documentation of architectural details Analysis of developments and stages Evaluation Recommendations 7 Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Shelley-Anne Peleg - Israel Antiquities Authority

2.1.3 Diagnosing Archaeological Sites and Historic Buildings in Acre 17 th Century drawing of the Citadel Sources include: – Historic evidence (can include maps, diaries, pictures and drawings) – Analysis of current physical condition Managing the Documentation includes: – Multi documentation team and regular overseeing of the procedures – Planning Recommendations for future building to reduce harm to sites and to emphasize the values 14 th century map of Acre 8 Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Shelley-Anne Peleg - Israel Antiquities Authority

2.1.4 Understanding the Structural System of Buildings in Acre Stages : 1.Understanding the urban development and the relationship of the site to it 2.Understanding the current relationship of the site to its surrounding 3.Understanding specific terminology for the structure (e.g – in the example of the wall, terminology of fortifications) 4.Understanding the Architecture and Technology Understanding the historic development of the site 5.Connecting the historic development to the viewed physical development stages of the building The Wall and its relationship to the urban surroundings in: 1909 and in Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Shelley-Anne Peleg - Israel Antiquities Authority

2.1.5 Classifying Historic Buildings in Acre According to Criteria's: – Aesthetic – Historic – Social – Scientific 10 Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Shelley-Anne Peleg - Israel Antiquities Authority

2.1.6 Changes in the Acre Buildings throughout their Lifetime Building additions Alterations Decay 11 Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Shelley-Anne Peleg - Israel Antiquities Authority

2.1.7 Causes of Decay of Buildings in Acre Neglecting Vandalism Improper use Absence of proper maintenance Trash dumping Unauthorized building additions Improper materials Vegetations Reduction of buildings strength Ottoman Walls of Acre 12 Shelley-Anne Peleg - Israel Antiquities Authority Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Shelley-Anne Peleg - Israel Antiquities Authority

Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Intervening in the Acre Buildings Steps: Removal of modern additions Stabilizing the structure Conservation: – Initial Cleaning – Removal of vegetation (if exists) – Cleaning stone joints of cement – Pointing (addition of mortar to stone joints) – Completing missing or damaged stonework – Stabilizing outer faces of the walls and cracks – Stabilizing plaster edges – Grouting voids in the core of the walls (injecting mortar into the core of the wall) – Adding drainage at needed places – Removing broken stones and replacing them – Rebuilding missing parts 13 Shelley-Anne Peleg - Israel Antiquities Authority