TODAY

Tuberculosis can affect any part of the body although it is usually found in the lungs as these are the first site of infection. It kills approximately 2 million people each year, more than any other infectious disease. Read p 80 of Nelson Thornes text book and summarise the following:

Tuberculosis Cause: Microorganisms? Type? Name(s)? Symptoms: Detailed description Transmission: How is it transmitted between individuals in a population? Course of the disease: Use the cut and stick to produce a flow diagram to show what happens during the course of the disease (primary & post- primary infections)

Cause: Symptoms: Transmission: 2 types of bacteria - Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis Persistent cough, tiredness, loss of appetite, weight loss and later, fever and coughing blood. Air borne i.e. bacteria in droplets released into the air when infected person is coughing, sneezing or talking. Others breathe these in. (M. bovis may be transmitted through milk)..

Risk groups: Overcrowded conditions, Poorly ventilated conditions, Long-term care homes, Countries where TB is endemic, People with lowered immunity (eg the elderly or immunosuppressed patients eg people with AIDS)

Course of infection Bacteria grow and divide in upper ………………… tract (need oxygen) …………… …………….. ……….. accumulate to engulf bacteria (part of the body’s immune response) Lymph nodes draining lungs enlarge (…………….infection) Bacteria re-emerge for 2nd infection years later (Post – primary TB) Usually few symptoms but some ……….. remain Bacteria not so easily controlled respiratory White blood cells PRIMARY bacteria

Patient coughs up …………. tissue with bacteria and blood Lung tissue destroyed leaving cavities and …….. tissue Bacteria not so easily controlled lung scar