2015 MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY KEY FINDINGS Prepared by: Laura Skopec, Sharon K. Long, and Emily Hayes, Urban Institute Susan Sherr, David.

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2015 MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY KEY FINDINGS Prepared by: Laura Skopec, Sharon K. Long, and Emily Hayes, Urban Institute Susan Sherr, David Dutwin, and Kathy Langdale, SSRS DECEMBER 2015

The Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey (MHIS), conducted by the Center for Health Information and Analysis (CHIA), provides information on health insurance coverage, health care access and use and health care affordability for Massachusetts residents. The MHIS is a tool used by CHIA, legislators, policymakers, employers, insurers and other stakeholders to track and monitor the experiences of Massachusetts residents in obtaining timely and affordable health care. In 2014, the MHIS methodology was modified to provide a better understanding of health insurance coverage in the Commonwealth. Specifically, the 2014 and 2015 MHIS used a dual-frame random digit dialing (RDD) landline and cell phone sample, with the survey completed entirely over the phone. The surveys used a dual-frame landline RDD and address-based sample, with surveys completed by phone, via the Internet, and in hard copy. OVERVIEW While the methodology remains the same as 2014, the 2015 MHIS made a number of changes in survey content, adding questions on long-term care insurance; access to and use of nurse practitioners, physician’s assistants, midwives and mental health providers; the quality of care received; and medical debt to better reflect the mission of CHIA. 2 MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

The 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey (MHIS) provides information on health insurance coverage, health care access and use and health care affordability for the non-institutionalized population in Massachusetts. Detailed information is collected for one randomly selected household member (referred to as the target person in the household). Target adults tend to respond to the survey for themselves, while a proxy, generally a parent, responds for a target child. The data reported here are for the household target person. For simplicity, we refer to the target person as the respondent in discussing survey findings.. BACKGROUND ON THE MHIS The survey is conducted in English and Spanish and its average completion time was 23 minutes in The 2015 MHIS was fielded between May 18 and August Surveys were completed with 5,002 Massachusetts households, collecting data on 5,002 target persons, including 621 children aged 0 to 18, 3,057 non-elderly adults aged 19 to 64, and 1,324 elderly adults aged 65 and older. The overall response rate for the 2015 MHIS was 24.6 percent, combining the response rate of 22.1 percent for the landline telephone sample and the 29.5 percent for the cell phone sample. All estimates based on the survey are prepared using weights that adjust for the complex survey design, for undercoverage, and for survey nonresponse. Additional information about the MHIS is available in the MHIS Methodology Report. 3 MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

1. HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE AND UNINSURANCE

Uninsurance Rate in Massachusetts in , 2014 and Note: Due to a change in survey design for the MHIS in 2014, estimates for 2014 and 2015 are not directly comparable to estimates for Source: , 2014, 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Insurance Coverage in Massachusetts in Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Insurance Coverage in Massachusetts in 2015, by Age Group 7 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Insurance Coverage in Massachusetts in 2015, by Gender 8 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Insurance Coverage in Massachusetts in 2015, by Race/Ethnicity 9 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Insurance Coverage in Massachusetts in 2015, by Family Income 10 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Insurance Coverage in Massachusetts in 2015, by Region 11 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey Insured at the time of the survey (%) Insured at any time over the past 12 months (%) Always insured over the past 12 months (%) Western MA Central MA Northeast MA Metro West Metro Boston Metro South Southcoast Cape and Islands MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Transitions in Health Insurance Coverage in Massachusetts in Note: The categories listed in this figure are not mutually exclusive. The group “Ever uninsured over past 12 months” includes those always uninsured over the past 12 months, gaining coverage over the past 12 months, and losing coverage over the past 12 months. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Transitions in Health Insurance Coverage in Massachusetts in 2015, by Age Group 13 Note: The categories listed in this figure are not mutually exclusive. The group “Ever uninsured over past 12 months” includes those always uninsured over the past 12 months, gaining coverage over the past 12 months, and losing coverage over the past 12 months. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Transitions in Health Insurance Coverage in Massachusetts in 2015, by Gender 14 Note: The categories listed in this figure are not mutually exclusive. The group “Ever uninsured over past 12 months” includes those always uninsured over the past 12 months, gaining coverage over the past 12 months, and losing coverage over the past 12 months. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Transitions in Health Insurance Coverage in Massachusetts in 2015, by Race and Ethnicity 15 Note: The categories listed in this figure are not mutually exclusive. The group “Ever uninsured over past 12 months” includes those always uninsured over the past 12 months, gaining coverage over the past 12 months, and losing coverage over the past 12 months. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Transitions in Health Insurance Coverage in Massachusetts in 2015, by Family Income 16 Note: The categories listed in this figure are not mutually exclusive. The group “Ever uninsured over past 12 months” includes those always uninsured over the past 12 months, gaining coverage over the past 12 months, and losing coverage over the past 12 months. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Transitions in Health Insurance Coverage in Massachusetts in 2015, by Region 17 Always insured over the past 12 months (%) Ever uninsured over the past 12 months (%) Gained coverage over the past 12 months (%) Lost coverage over the past 12 months (%) Always uninsured over the past 12 months (%) Western MA Central MA Northeast MA Metro West Metro Boston Metro South Southcoast Cape and Islands Note: The categories listed in this figure are not mutually exclusive. The group “Ever uninsured over past 12 months” includes those always uninsured over the past 12 months, gaining coverage over the past 12 months, and losing coverage over the past 12 months. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Insurance Coverage among Insured Respondents in Massachusetts in Notes: Respondents were assigned a single coverage type based on the following hierarchy: employer-sponsored insurance; Medicare; private non-group coverage including Commonwealth Choice; MassHealth or Commonwealth Care; and other coverage. Medicare coverage estimates include Railroad Retirement board coverage. MassHealth or Commonwealth Care includes temporary coverage while the respondent's application for coverage from the Health Connector or MassHealth is being processed. Estimates may not sum to 100% due to rounding. It is important to remember that survey respondents often have difficulty reporting type of insurance coverage correctly. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Insurance Coverage among Insured Respondents in Massachusetts in 2015, by Age Group 19 Notes: Respondents were assigned a single coverage type based on the following hierarchy: employer-sponsored insurance; Medicare; private non-group coverage including Commonwealth Choice; MassHealth or Commonwealth Care; and other coverage. Medicare coverage estimates include Railroad Retirement board coverage. MassHealth or Commonwealth Care includes temporary coverage while the respondent's application for coverage from the Health Connector or MassHealth is being processed. Estimates may not sum to 100% due to rounding. It is important to remember that survey respondents often have difficulty reporting type of insurance coverage correctly. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Insurance Coverage among Insured Respondents in Massachusetts in 2015, by Gender 20 Notes: Respondents were assigned a single coverage type based on the following hierarchy: employer-sponsored insurance; Medicare; private non-group coverage including Commonwealth Choice; MassHealth or Commonwealth Care; and other coverage. Medicare coverage estimates include Railroad Retirement board coverage. MassHealth or Commonwealth Care includes temporary coverage while the respondent's application for coverage from the Health Connector or MassHealth is being processed. Estimates may not sum to 100% due to rounding. It is important to remember that survey respondents often have difficulty reporting type of insurance coverage correctly. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Insurance Coverage among Insured Respondents in Massachusetts in 2015, by Race and Ethnicity 21 Notes: Respondents were assigned a single coverage type based on the following hierarchy: employer-sponsored insurance; Medicare; private non-group coverage including Commonwealth Choice; MassHealth or Commonwealth Care; and other coverage. Medicare coverage estimates include Railroad Retirement board coverage. MassHealth or Commonwealth Care includes temporary coverage while the respondent's application for coverage from the Health Connector or MassHealth is being processed. Estimates may not sum to 100% due to rounding. It is important to remember that survey respondents often have difficulty reporting type of insurance coverage correctly. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Insurance Coverage among Insured Respondents in Massachusetts in 2015, by Family Income 22 Notes: Respondents were assigned a single coverage type based on the following hierarchy: employer-sponsored insurance; Medicare; private non-group coverage including Commonwealth Choice; MassHealth or Commonwealth Care; and other coverage. Medicare coverage estimates include Railroad Retirement board coverage. MassHealth or Commonwealth Care includes temporary coverage while the respondent's application for coverage from the Health Connector or MassHealth is being processed. Estimates may not sum to 100% due to rounding. It is important to remember that survey respondents often have difficulty reporting type of insurance coverage correctly. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Insurance Coverage among Insured Respondents in Massachusetts in 2015, by Region 23 Employer- sponsored insurance (%) Medicare (%) Private non-group coverage, including Commonwealth Choice (%) MassHealth or Commonwealth Care (%) Other coverage or coverage type not reported (%) Western MA Central MA Northeast MA Metro West Metro Boston Metro South Southcoast Cape and Islands Notes: Respondents were assigned a single coverage type based on the following hierarchy: employer-sponsored insurance; Medicare; private non-group coverage including Commonwealth Choice; MassHealth or Commonwealth Care; and other coverage. Medicare coverage estimates include Railroad Retirement board coverage. MassHealth or Commonwealth Care includes temporary coverage while the respondent's application for coverage from the Health Connector or MassHealth is being processed. Estimates may not sum to 100% due to rounding. It is important to remember that survey respondents often have difficulty reporting type of insurance coverage correctly. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

2. PRIVATE LONG-TERM CARE INSURANCE

Private Long-Term Care Insurance Among Adults 50 and Older in Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Among Adults 50 and Older Without Private Long-Term Care Insurance in 2015, Reasons for Not Having Coverage 26 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

3. HEALTH CARE ACCESS AND USE

Health Care Access and Use in Massachusetts in , 2014 and Note: Due to a change in survey design for the MHIS in 2014, Massachusetts estimates for 2014 and 2015 are not directly comparable to estimates for Source: , 2014, 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Care Access and Use in Massachusetts in Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Care Access and Use in Massachusetts in 2015, by Age Group 30 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Care Access and Use in Massachusetts in 2015, by Gender 31 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Care Access and Use in Massachusetts in 2015, by Race and Ethnicity 32 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Care Access and Use in Massachusetts in 2015, by Family Income 33 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Health Care Access and Use in Massachusetts in 2015, by Region 34 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey Had a usual source of care (excluding the emergency department) (%) Had a visit to a general doctor or specialist in the past 12 months (%) Had a visit to a physician’s assistant, nurse practitioner or midwife in the past 12 months (%) Had a preventive care visit in the past 12 months (%) Had a mental health care visit in the past 12 months (%) Western MA Central MA Northeast MA Metro West Metro Boston Metro South Southcoast Cape and Islands MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Difficulties Getting Health Care in Massachusetts in Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Difficulties Getting Health Care in Massachusetts in 2015, by Age Group 36 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Difficulties Getting Health Care in Massachusetts in 2015, by Gender 37 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Difficulties Getting Health Care in Massachusetts in 2015, by Race and Ethnicity 38 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Difficulties Getting Health Care in Massachusetts in 2015, by Family Income 39 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Difficulties Getting Health Care in Massachusetts in 2015, by Region 40 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey Told doctor's office or clinic did not accept insurance type over the past 12 months Told doctor's office or clinic was not accepting new patients over the past 12 months Unable to get an appointment with a health provider as soon as needed over the past 12 months Western MA Central MA Northeast MA Metro West Metro Boston Metro South Southcoast Cape and Islands MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Emergency Department Use in Massachusetts in Note: A non-emergency condition is one that the respondent thought could have been treated by a regular doctor if one had been available. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Emergency Department Use in Massachusetts in 2015, by Age Group 42 Note: A non-emergency condition is one that the respondent thought could have been treated by a regular doctor if one had been available. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Emergency Department Use in Massachusetts in 2015, by Gender 43 Note: A non-emergency condition is one that the respondent thought could have been treated by a regular doctor if one had been available. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Emergency Department Use in Massachusetts in 2015, by Race and Ethnicity 44 * The value has been suppressed due to small sample size. Note: A non-emergency condition is one that the respondent thought could have been treated by a regular doctor if one had been available. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Emergency Department Use in Massachusetts in 2015, by Family Income 45 Note: A non-emergency condition is one that the respondent thought could have been treated by a regular doctor if one had been available. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Emergency Department Use in Massachusetts in 2015, by Region 46 Any emergency department (ED) visit over the past 12 months (%) More than one ED visit over the past 12 months (%) Among those with an ED visit over the past 12 months, most recent ED visit was for a non- emergency condition (%) Western MA Central MA Northeast MA Metro West * Metro Boston Metro South Southcoast * Cape and Islands * * The value has been suppressed due to small sample size. Note: A non-emergency condition is one that the respondent thought could have been treated by a regular doctor if one had been available. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

4. HEALTH CARE AFFORDABILITY

Reported Unmet Need for Health Care Overall and for Physician Care Because of Costs in Massachusetts in Note: Any unmet need for care is defined as reporting one or more of the following unmet needs for care due to cost: doctor care, specialist care, mental health care, dental care or prescription drugs. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Reported Unmet Need for Mental Health Care, Dental Care and Prescription Drugs Because of Costs in Massachusetts in Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Reported Unmet Need for Health Care Overall and for Physician Care Because of Costs in Massachusetts in 2015, by Age Group 50 Note: Any unmet need for care is defined as reporting one or more of the following unmet needs for care due to cost: doctor care, specialist care, mental health care, dental care or prescription drugs. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Reported Unmet Need for Mental Health Care, Dental Care and Prescription Drugs Because of Costs in Massachusetts in 2015, by Age Group MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY 51 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey

Reported Unmet Need for Health Care Overall and for Physician Care Because of Costs in Massachusetts in 2015, by Gender 52 Note: Any unmet need for care is defined as reporting one or more of the following unmet needs for care due to cost: doctor care, specialist care, mental health care, dental care or prescription drugs. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Reported Unmet Need for Mental Health Care, Dental Care and Prescription Drugs Because of Costs in Massachusetts in 2015, by Gender MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY 53 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey

Reported Unmet Need for Health Care Overall and for Physician Care Because of Costs in Massachusetts in 2015, by Race and Ethnicity 54 Note: Any unmet need for care is defined as reporting one or more of the following unmet needs for care due to cost: doctor care, specialist care, mental health care, dental care or prescription drugs. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Reported Unmet Need for Mental Health Care, Dental Care and Prescription Drugs Because of Costs in Massachusetts in 2015, by Race and Ethnicity MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY 55 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey

Reported Unmet Need for Health Care Overall and for Physician Care Because of Costs in Massachusetts in 2015, By Family Income 56 Note: : Any unmet need for care is defined as reporting one or more of the following unmet needs for care due to cost: doctor care, specialist care, mental health care, dental care or prescription drugs. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Reported Unmet Need for Mental Health Care, Dental Care and Prescription Drugs Because of Costs in Massachusetts in 2015, by Family Income MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY 57 Note: Any unmet need for care is defined as reporting one or more of the following unmet needs for care due to cost: doctor care, specialist care, mental health care, dental care or prescription drugs. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey

Reported Unmet Need for Health Care Overall and Physician Care Because of Costs in Massachusetts in 2015, by Region 58 Any unmet need for health care over the past 12 months because of cost of care (%) Any unmet need for doctor care over the past 12 months because of cost of care (%) Any unmet need for specialist care over the past 12 months because of cost of care (%) Western MA Central MA Northeast MA Metro West Metro Boston Metro South Southcoast Cape and Islands Note: Any unmet need for care is defined as reporting one or more of the following unmet needs for care due to cost: doctor care, specialist care, mental health care, dental care or prescription drugs. Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Reported Unmet Need for Mental Health Care, Dental Care and Prescription Drugs Because of Costs in Massachusetts in 2015, by Region MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY 59 Any unmet need for mental health care over the past 12 months because of cost of care (%) Any unmet need for dental care over the past 12 months because of cost of care (%) Ever went without prescription drugs over the past 12 months because of costs (%) Western MA Central MA Northeast MA Metro West Metro Boston Metro South Southcoast Cape and Islands Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey

Out-of-Pocket Family Health Care Spending and Difficulty Paying Family Medical Bills for All Massachusetts Respondents in Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

61 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey Out-of-Pocket Family Health Care Spending and Difficulty Paying Family Medical Bills in Massachusetts in 2015, by Age Group MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

62 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey Out-of-Pocket Family Health Care Spending and Difficulty Paying Family Medical Bills in Massachusetts in 2015, by Gender MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

63 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey. Out-of-Pocket Family Health Care Spending and Difficulty Paying Family Medical Bills in Massachusetts in 2015, by Race and Ethnicity MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

64 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey. Out-of-Pocket Family Health Care Spending and Difficulty Paying Family Medical Bills in Massachusetts in 2015, by Family Income MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

65 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey. Out-of-pocket health care spending greater than $1000 over the past 12 months (%) Out-of-pocket health care spending greater than $3000 over the past 12 months (%) Had difficulty paying medical bills over the past 12 months (%) Western MA Central MA Northeast MA Metro West Metro Boston Metro South Southcoast Cape and Islands Out-of-Pocket Family Health Care Spending and Difficulty Paying Family Medical Bills in Massachusetts in 2015, by Region MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Ratio of Out-of-pocket Health Care Spending to Family Income over the Past 12 Months in Massachusetts in 2015, Overall and by Age Group 66 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey All respondents Children (0- 18) Non-elderly adults (19- 64) Elderly adults (65 and older) Ratio of out-of-pocket spending to family income is less than 5%91.0%89.8%91.9%89.1% Ratio of out-of-pocket spending to family income is 5% or more9.0%10.2%8.1%10.9% Ratio of out-of-pocket spending to family income is 10% or more3.6%4.5%3.1%4.2% MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Amount of Medical Bills Being Paid Off Over Time in Massachusetts in 2015 MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY 67 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey

Age of Medical Bills Being Paid Off Over Time in Massachusetts in 2015 MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY 68 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey

Implications of Difficulties with Medical Bills for Families in Massachusetts in 2015 MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY 69 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey

Implications of Difficulties Paying Medical Bills in Massachusetts in 2015, Overall and by Age Group 70 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Implications of Difficulties Paying Medical Bills in Massachusetts in 2015, by Family Income 71 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Approaches Used by Families to Lower Health Care Costs in Massachusetts in Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Approaches Used by Families to Lower Health Care Costs in Massachusetts in 2015, by Age Group 73 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Approaches Used by Families to Lower Health Care Costs in Massachusetts in 2015, by Gender 74 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Approaches Used by Families to Lower Health Care Costs in Massachusetts in 2015, by Race and Ethnicity 75 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Approaches Used by Families to Lower Health Care Costs in Massachusetts in 2015, by Family Income 76 Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY

Approaches Used by Families to Lower Health Care Costs in Massachusetts in 2015, by Region 77 Someone in family tried to stay healthier (%) Someone in family switched to lower cost health insurance plan (%) Someone in family went without needed health care (%) Someone in family went without health insurance (%) Someone in family changed to lower cost doctor or other health care provider (%) Western MA Central MA Northeast MA Metro West Metro Boston Metro South Southcoast Cape and Islands Source: 2015 Massachusetts Health Insurance Survey MASSACHUSETTS HEALTH INSURANCE SURVEY