Contribution of LBA to the GHP And CEOP J. A. Marengo CPTEC/INPE. São Paulo, Brazil

LBA-Large Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in the Amazon Basin LBA is an international research effort led by Brazil, and its main objective is to understand the functioning of the Amazon Basin in terms of its climate, hydrology, ecology, biogeochemistry, as well as on the impacts of land use changes on this functioning and on the interactions between Amazonia and the biogeophysical systems of the Earth. PHYSICAL CLIMATE SYSTEMATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY BIOGEOCHEMISTRY CARBON STORAGE AND EXCHANGE SURFACE HYDROLOGY AND WATER CHEMISTRY LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGE HUMAN DIMENSIONS LBA Components

GHP FOCUS As a key part of GEWEX, GHP  initiatives to demonstrate improved skill in predicting changes in soil moisture and related hydrological variables associated with water resources on time scales up to seasonal and annual as an integral part of the climate system. GHP SCIENCE ISSUES How do water and energy processes operate over different land areas? What is the relative influence of local and non-local controls on precipitation? What feedback mechanisms affect the water cycle and how do theseinfluence wet and dry periods? GHP STRATEGY... Determine the climatic characteristics of (a) the CSE regions and (b) other land areas Close the hydrological budget over the CSE regions, show improvement in predictive capability, and identify key scientific issues for further improvement Carry out appropriate process studies over other climatic regimes to show closure and predictive capability

OUTSTANDING TASKS These include: Develop and validate coupled atmosphere-surface- hydrology models Relate hydrological variables to water resource issues Identify surface, sub-surface and atmospheric scientific issues that are limiting our predictive capability Develop a strategy for advancing our understanding from regions to the global scale through the use of models, observational datasets and specific studies GHP COMPONENTS CSEs and ‘Associate CSEs’, ISLSCP, GRDC, GPCC GHP Cross-cutting efforts WESPWater and Energy Simulation and Prediction WRAPWater Resources Applications Panel DMWGData Management Working Group CEOPCoordinated Enhanced Observing Period

CSE Matrix of Contributions to GEWEX for LBA TECHNICAL/LOGISTICAL CRITERIA LBA SCIENTIFIC CRITERIA Pr 1.) NWP center atmospheric and surface data assimilation and estimates of hydro- meteorological properties. F 1.) Simulate the diurnal, seasonal, annual and interannual cycles. Pr 2.) Suitable atmospheric-hydrological models and numerical experimentation and climate change studies. I-F 2.) Close water and energy budgets. Pr 3.) Mechanism for collecting and managing adequate hydrometeorological data sets. F 3.) Determine and understand climate system variability and critical feedbacks. C 4.) Participate in the open international exchange of scientific information and data. F 4.) Demonstrate improvements in predictions of water-related climate parameters. PrPr 5.) Interactions with water resource agencies and related groups to address the assessment of impacts on regional water resources. F 5.) Demonstrate the applicability of techniques and models to other regions. Pr 6.) Evaluation of GEWEX global data products. I-F 7.)Contributions to CEOP and transferability databases. F B: Beginning, Pr: Progressing, C: Concluding; P: in Planning; I: Implementing; F: Functioning;

ComponentMeanEl Niño 1982/83El Niño 1997/98La Niña 1988/89 P E R C P-E P-E-C Imbalance=[((C/R)-1)]51%38%52%6% ComponentGHCNCMAPGPCPNCEPLWCRUMarengo (2004) P E4.3 R2.9 C1.4 P-E P-E-C The closure of the water balance?

Amazon Basin Annual Water budget P, R: Observations E, C: NCEP reanalyses

ERA-40 Amazon Basin Annual Water budget[AKB] Comparison of ERA-40 with Marengo et al. (2004) data (in green) Precipitation and runoff of right order, but correlation with data poor

Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP)-WCRP CEOP HP : EOP-1 EOP-2 EOP-3 EOP-4

Current situation: 1.Manaus K 34 site (flux tower): Operational, data for EOP-3 is ready to be send to JOSS. Manaus pilot instrumented basin is not part of the “reference site” status. 2-Rondonia pasture site (operational), and data from EOP-3 is ready to be send to JOSS. Reserva Jaru (forest site) is no longer operational (?). 3-Santarem (operational), and data for the EOP-3 is being verified 4-Caxiuana (operational), and data for the EOP-3 is being verified 5-Pantanal (no longer operational?), no data from April-September Brasilia (no longer operational?) LBA reference sites are funded by projects and grants from national and international sources, and they have a life span that depends on the duration of the projects. The sites do not depend on the National Meteorological Services. LBA and CEOP data policy: Acknowledgements or co-authorships (collaborations) are encouraged.

Pantanal Reserva Jaru Fazenda NS Aparecida Manaus-K34Flona-Santarem Brasilia-Cerrado LBA-CEOP Reference (March 2004) Caxiuana ? ? ?

Hydrologic data set collection Objectives: -To serve as validation sites for the land surface parameterizations in coupled land-atmosphere-ocean models, essentially at a point or small area scale; -To serve as “tie points” or ground truth reference sites for remote sensing products Continentsite namescontactcomments AfricaTensift, Morocco Ghani Chehbouni Research focus is integrated land and water resources management (SudMed project) AfricaVolta/Nodwua Nick van de Giesen Research focus is drought, agriculture water resources management ( 20 sq km, soil moistiure, radiation, sensible heat with a scintillometer but no latent. Note: some info already provided to EFW AfricaVolta/Ejura Nick van de Giesen ditto with Volta/Nodwua. Area 15 sq km. North America Walker Branch Watershed Tilden Meyers DOE Oak Ridge, since Focus on water, ecology and chemistry. 100 ha Has FLUXNET tower (44m) South AmericaLBA Manaus Maarten Waterloo/Javier Tomasellaneed to double check (A.Nobre/J.Tomasella) on CPTEC contact

(Lu & Mitchell, 2003)

Line-up of the New Generation EO Satellite Data TRMM Terra ENVISAT Aqua ADEOS-II

The First Global Integrated Data Sets of the Water Cycle Model Outputs by Numerical Weather Prediction Centers Surface Observational (in-situ) Data from the 36 CEOP Reference Sites Satellite Remote Sensing Data Data Integrating/Archiving Center at University of Tokyo and JAXA of Japan Global Land Data Assimilation System at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center of USA MODEL Output Data Archiving Center at Max- Planck Institute of Germany In-Situ Data Archiving Center at UCAR (Center at University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) of USA