Future of Astronomy Astronomy 315 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 25
The Future of Astronomy What would we like to understand better? Formation of initial galaxies Properties and numbers of extrasolar planets Formation and evolution of black holes
Problems and Solutions We want to study fainter objects We want better detail We want to study a broad range of astrophysical phenomena Use multiwavelength telescopes
Future Observatories While much science is done with small and common instruments, there are several large and expensive new projects that we hope will lead to big breakthroughs Webb Space Telescope A Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope
Webb Space Telescope Large infrared space observatory Do the equivalent of Hubble Deep Fields over the entire sky Both strong IR emitters Cost:
Webb Format Cheap means light (avoid shuttle launch or multiple launch) Mirror size: 6.5 meters To get large mirror to fit in small launch vehicle, mirror folds up
Webb Consequences Two big issues with future astronomy missions: Budgets are shrinking “The telescope that ate astronomy” One super mission that can achieve big breakthroughs Most future missions have been canceled
Astro-H Will get a better name after successful launch Designed to view “hard” (high energy) X- rays Study hot diffuse gas Other nations contributing (including US), but mostly a modest Japanese mission
ATHENA Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics Arises out of international collaboration failure of IXO To be launched 2021?
Telescope Properties The light gathering power of a telescope depends on its area Area = r 2 The resolution of a telescope depends on its diameter (d) and the wavelength ( ) of light observed R = (1.22 ) / d Determines how close two objects can be and still be resolved (smaller R is better)
Future Ground Based Telescopes Larger size means spectroscopy and imaging of fainter objects Extremely Large Telescopes
Current Plans Planned to be operational in 2018 The ESO has plans for the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) of 42 meters Also planned for 2018 Each will cost about 1 billion dollars
Extremely Large Telescopes Success of large telescopes depends on adaptive optics ELT’s would complement space telescopes For follow up observations that require greater sensitivity
Telescope Trends Need to consider cost/benefit ratio
Next Time Meet in planetarium No homework or downloads