Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 1 Search for TeV Scale Physics in Heavy Flavour Decays July 28, SUSY Karlsruhe

Down to Earth the (un) Heavenly Things v. e. v. Higgs Castle c l o u d s Child Eating Giant (LHC/ILC?) Flavour/TeV ≅ Loops

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 3 Outline 0 “Forward to the Past” as Intro — What if ? sin 2  B d ca. 2000;  m B d, top and V td I CPV in b  s w/ Boxes and Penguins S AA CP  S ;  A K   ; sin 2  B s  ; A CP  (B +  J/  K + ) II H  Probe: b  s   ; B  (D ( * ) )  III Electroweak Penguin: A FB (B  K* ℓ ℓ ) ; B  K ( * ) IV RH Currents and Scalar Interactions  TCPV in B  X    ; B s   V D/K: Box and EWP Redux — D  mixing  ; Rare K VI  : LFV and (B  L)V   ℓ , ℓ ℓ ℓ ’ ;    , p    VII Conclusion

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 4 Strategy and Apologies Pertinent to BSM Physics (vs Expt’l detail — not always most up-to-date ) [3 TH talks to follow Short-term impact “Traditional” on BSM topics Cannot cite all TH work, but unabashedly promote own pheno work and not too tricky...

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/ “Forward to the Past” as Intro SuperPowered Theorists ? or Wormhole to the Future? Search for Future Influence from L.H.C Authors: Holger B. Nielsen, Masao NinomiyaHolger B. NielsenMasao Ninomiya (Submitted on 13 Jul 2007) Wormhole from/to the Future?

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 6 R. Cahn -- SSI-2006 sin 2  history ( ) Discovery claimed What If ?        arg V td

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 7 Babar Physics Book What if ? What if argV td ~ 0 ? Would have heard more about it.

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 8 t  m B d, t op and V t d t t t op, a v.e.v. scale quark, “discovered” 20 years ago (ARGUS) Nondecoupling — t 1 Nondecoupling — t ~ 1 CPV Phase      arg V t d “Higgs Affinity” Loops

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 9 b  d transitions consistent with SM What about b  s transitions ? Our Main Theme

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 10 I. CPV in b  s w/ Boxes and Penguins The Current Frontier    Echoes

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 11 One B Decay Tag Flavor Other B Decay CP Eigenstate Measure Both Decay Vertex J/yK S, p + p -, h ’ K S, fK S, K S p ! Belle B decays in ~ picosecond The $1B Question: Mixing-dep. CPV in B → J/yK S  z   t B 0 or B 0

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 12 The Two B Factories Belle Mt. Tsukuba BaBar PEP- II KEKB Differ only in PID DIRC vs Aerogel Cherenkov + ToF Tag Flavor KEKB / Belle PEP-II / BaBar

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 13 One B Decay Tag Flavor Other B Decay CP Eigenstate Measure Both Decay Vertex J/yK S, p + p -, h ’ K S, fK S, K S p ! Belle B decays in ~ picosecond The $1B Question: Mixing-dep. CPV in B → J/yK S  z   t B 0 or B 0

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 14 SUSY Possible SUSY FCNC/CPV Loop Can Break Equality Real ~ J/  K S (Tree) S  K S = sin 2  1 SM (KM) Prediction  b  s Penguins (Vertex Loops)

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 15 Smaller than b  ccs in almost all modes Smaller than b  ccs in almost all modes Naïve average of all b  s modes sin2  eff = 0.56 ±  2.1  deviation (was 2.6) btwn b  sqq and b  ccs Naïve average of all b  s modes sin2  eff = 0.56 ±  2.1  deviation (was 2.6) btwn b  sqq and b  ccs Theory Expect sin 2  1 > sin 2  1 s-penguin cc(bar)s New Physics !? Need More Data !  S  S = S sqq  S ccs < 0 “ Problem” Probably Need Super B Factory to Resolve ! Even deviation of ~ few deg indicate NP Sinha, Misra, WSH, PRL 97, (2006)

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 16 One B Decay Tag Flavor Other B Decay CP Eigenstate Measure Both Decay Vertex J/yK S, p + p -, h ’ K S, fK S, K S p ! Belle B decays in ~ picosecond The $1B Question: Mixing-dep. CPV in B → J/yK S  z   t B 0 or B 0 Lack of Vertex in LHCb

Rare Hadronic B Decays FPCP07, 15 May P. Chang Acp on B → K  Belle Acp =  ±0.018  ±0.018±0.008  ±0.023±0.009    World Average including CLEO: Acp(K +   ) =  ±0.012  Acp(K +    ±  A(K  ) =  ±   Need to explain the deviation. Hadronic effect or new physics?  A(K    ) =  0.12 ±0.11; S(K    ) = +0.33±0.21  Super B factory!  6  A K  Problem Direct CPV established in B system (2004) ! Experiment is Firm [hep-ex] A CP (K +      ±  ±  strengthen conclusion [hep-ex] A(K 0    ±  ±  S(K 0    ±  ± 

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 18 _d_d d  KK u u BB sb Large C ? Large EWPenguin ? Suppress Tree CPV Phase Need NP CPV Phase ∵ P EW and T ≈ same strong phase in SM ? t, ? ?  A K  ~ 0 expected Why  A K  = A K  +     A K  +    > 0 a Puzzle ?  9.7  1.2 %  4.7  2.6 % C/T > 1 needed ! Baek, London, hep-ph/ Neubert, Rosner, PRL’98 EWP not so easy for SUSY

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 19 S f in b  sqq A K +   -  A K +   0 Puzzle Two Hints TCPV DCPV Mixing-dep. Direct b  sCPV NP b  s CPV Phenomena Is Current NP Frontier N P In Search of N ew P hysics  m B s  B s CPV ?   B s sin 2   B s   B s cos 2   B s SM-like

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/ fb 

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 21 a bit “smallish”, if take nominal f B s CDF 1 fb -1   B s    B s  ≡    arg V ts      arg V td ⇨   B d  measured SM Window on BSM e.g. ~ real  m s =  0.10 (stat)  0.07 (sys) p s  PRL 97, (2006) CPV ?

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 22 For pheno digest, see WSH, Mahajan, PRD 75, (2007) hep-ex/ PRL 98, (2007) Lifetime, but not Oscillations + hep-ex/ (A SL ) SM: Lenz, Nierste, hep-ph/ Concerted Effort [A SL advantage — periodical reversal of magnet polarity   B s cos 2   B s somewhat a blunt instrument.   B s cos 2   B s Parallel talk 31/7 ?

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 23   B s   B s  Prospect (short term) B s  J/   analogous to B d  J/  K S V V Vertex & Angular Resolved Analysis to disentangle CP  components CDF/D Ø : 8 fb  projected   B s  ( sin 2   B s ) ~ 0.2 (?)/exp similar  LHCb : 0.5 fb  (2008 ?)   B s  ( sin 2   B s ) ~ 0.04 ATLAS : 2.5 fb  (2008 ?)   B s  ( sin 2   B s ) ~ 0.16 CMS ? fLHC 3/07 Parallel talks 31/7

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 24 LHC Physics Run Starts 2008 Forward Design

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 25   B s   B s  Prospect (short term) B s  J/   analogous to B d  J/  K S V V Angular & Vertex Resolved Analysis to disentangle CP  components CDF/D Ø : 8 fb  projected   B s  ( sin 2   B s ) ≃ 0.2 (?)/exp similar  LHCb : 0.5 fb  (2008 ?)   B s  ( sin 2   B s ) ≃ 0.04 ATLAS : 2.5 fb  (2008 ?)   B s  ( sin 2   B s ) ≃ 0.16 CMS ? $ $ Tevatron could get lucky if   B s large New Physics ! if sin 2   B s large New Physics ! € LHCb the winner if ~ SM   B s sin 2   B s   in SM Could Tevatron run beyond 2008 ? But 2009 looks interesting ! fLHC 3/07

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 26 _d_d d  KK u u BB sb t ’ ? t, t ’ ? S f in b  sqq A K +   -  A K +   0 Puzzle Two Hints TCPV DCPV Mixing-dep. Direct b  sCPV NP b  s CPV Phenomena Is Current NP Frontier N P In Search of N ew P hysics  m B s  B s CPV ? EWPenguin Boxes t ’ t ’ non decoupled   B s  sin 2   B s   –     B s large Can sin 2   B s be large ? WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/ in SM4 WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05 SM-like

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 27   B s   B s  Prospect (short term) B s  J/   analogous to B d  J/  K S V V Angular & Vertex Resolved Analysis to disentangle CP  components CDF/D Ø : 8 fb  projected   B s  ( sin 2   B s ) ≃ 0.2 (?)/exp similar  LHCb : 0.5 fb  (2008 ?)   B s  ( sin 2   B s ) ≃ 0.04 ATLAS : 2.5 fb  (2008 ?)   B s  ( sin 2   B s ) ≃ 0.16 CMS ? $ $ Tevatron could get lucky if   B s large New Physics ! if sin 2   B s large New Physics ! € LHCb the winner if ~ SM   B s sin 2   B s   in SM Could Tevatron run beyond 2008 ? But 2009 looks interesting ! fLHC 3/07

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 28 _c_c c J/  KK u u BB sb t, t ’ _d_d d  KK u u BB sb t ’ ? t, t ’ ? b  sCPV NP b  s CPV Phenomena Is Current NP Frontier N P In Search of N ew P hysics WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/ SM4 DCPV in B +  J/  K + ? PDG ’06  ° J/  K * lack firm SM prediction

 m B s /  m D / A J/  K George W.S. Hou (NTU) ICHEP’06, 7/29/06 29 PDG ’06 A J/  K + is getting serious: careful studies started Systematics Study becomes future Theme — Needed towards SuperB !! Better than  A and  S ? Could be seen by 2008 ?! Prognosis for A J/  K + Measurement Sign flip ICHEP06: A J/  K   Belle  0.07   BaBar 124M 32M 10M 89M + flipped back 7 BaBar/Belle Please Update !

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 30 PDG ’06  ° PDG ’07 WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/ A J/  K + is getting serious: Tevatron! Larger Statistics (so just you wait for LHCb) Better Systematics: Larger Control Sample A J/  K + : Calibration Mode turns Active DØnote 5405-CONF 1.6 fb   D Ø New Correct for K ± asymm ±0.0013± matter effect 8 fb  H + effect of Wu, Soni PRD’00 Ruled Out test (+CDF)

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 31 II. H  Probes - b  s   -  B  (D ( * ) ) 

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 32 b  s  ~ B  X s   E  > 1.9 GeV  E  > 1.8 GeV TH still unfinished, but ball in Exp court. Full Reconstruct other B? e-e-e-e- D*D*D*D*  e+e+e+e+ B tag B signal Xs 

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 33 WSH, Willey, PLB 202, 591 (1988); NPB’89 Also Grinstein, Wise, PLB’88 HFAG (exp ave) Misiak et al. PRL’07 Constraint from b  s  on H + always enhanceb  s  MSSM type H + always enhance b  s  regardless of tan  NNLO < Exp Current NNLO < Exp ! ⇨ bound of 295 GeV favor 650 GeV !? ⇨ favor 650 GeV !? Exp NNL H + mimic  W

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 34 B  B  , PRD48, 2342 (1993)  W the cousin of H + “Higgs Affinity” Amazing: Tree level H + Effect Trick/Cost: Full Reconstruct Tag side 0.1~0.3% Two ’s BG !! rHrHrHrH

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 35 signal background 449M hadronic tag First evidence, 3.5  evts PRL97, (2006). 2.6  hep-ex/ D ℓ tag no clear signal 320M [hep-ex] D ℓ tag 383M  (0.9  0.6  0.1) x 10  ~  (1.2  0.4 stat  0.3 bkg  0.2 eff ) x 10 

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 36 Constraint from B  on H + Constraint from B   on H + exl. b  s  rHrHrHrH tan  / m H 

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/ M N s =   First observation Curious: 2%, now... SM~1.4 % [hep-ex] submitted to EPSHEP07 “V cb ” talk 232M [hep-ex] sys. norm. N s ~ 105 N s ~ 65 More TH (SM) needed for BSM interpretation [polarizations] H + sensitive

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 38 III. Electroweak Penguin - A FB (B  K* ℓ ℓ ) - B  K ( * )

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/  from SM ? 229M 386M Ali, Mannel, Morozumi, PLB273, 505 (1991)

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/  from SM ? Example 2 fb -1 experiment M  2 (GeV 2 ) LHCb MC, J. CKM06 No Reason a priori why C , C , C  should be Real Hovhannisyan, WSH and Mahajan, hep-ph/ Probe Complexity w/o CPV ~ Early LHCb data SM4 Ali, Mannel, Morozumi, PLB273, 505 (1991)

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/ [hep-ex] SM B  M DAMA CDMS Probe Loop Light Dark Matter < 3.4 x 10  < 1.4 x 10  < 1.4 x 10  < 1.6 x 10  Still 3x SM Bird et al., PRL 93, (2004) Full Recon Other B submitted

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 42 IV. RH Currents and Scalar Interactions - TCPV in B  X    - B s  

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/ TCPV in B 0  (K S  0 ) K*   : Probe RH Currents Atwood, Gershon, Hazumi, Soni, PRD71, (2005) B0B0 K*0K*0 LL B0B0 K*0K*0 RR M 12  R m s /m b suppressed  L m s /m b suppressed Interference suppressed in SM Atwood, Gronau, Soni, PRL79, 185 (1997) 535M 232M  ±   ±  Consistent with zero. Future probe at SuperB Also, angular probes F L, A T (2) in B  K* ℓ  ℓ  K S vertexing explore also e.g. B  K 

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 44 Buchalla, A. Buras, NPB398,285 (1993) Babu, Kolda, PRL84, 228 (2000) B s   DØnote 5344-CONF Winter 07 2 fb  ~ 3.5 x 10  in SM combined CMSSM

45 EPS 2007, Manchester, Stephan Eisenhardt B S     sensitivity 0.05 fb –1  overtake CDF+D0 0.5 fb –1  exclude BR values down to SM Limit at 90% C.L. ( only bkg is observed) Integrated Luminosity (fb -1 ) Uncertainty in background prediction Expected final CDF+D0 Limit BR (x10 –9 ) SM prediction LHCb Sensitivity (signal+bkg is observed) Integrated Luminosity (fb -1 ) 55 33 BR (x10 –9 ) SM prediction 2 fb –1  3  evidence of SM signal 10 fb –1  >5  observation of SM signal 1 year of LHCb 0.5 fb –1  exclude BR values down to SM

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 46 V. D/K: Box and EWP Redux - D  Mixing - Rare K

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 47 D  Mixing: Assuming no CPV (x,y)=(0,0) excluded by > 5  Combined Results (no evidence yet) Observed Recently Unfortunately, all can arise from y, or , or long distance. Recall  m K, however, Comparable BSM allowed To be unequivocal: CPV D 0 → K  K  /     D 0 → K S     Dalitz D 0 → K ∓   384 fb fb fb -1 Falk et al. PRD’02,’04 To be unequivocal: CPV

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 48 P326 ? 10   11 E391A CPV E14

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 49 VI.  : LFV and (B  L)V   ℓ  -   ℓ , ℓ ℓ ℓ ’    , p    -    , p    b  s echoes ?

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 50 Many Models

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 51 caution: partially doctored by me 357 fb -1

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 52 Conclusion: Best Bet for BSM Soon I CPV in b  s w/ Boxes and Penguins  S  A K  sin 2  B s A CP  S ;  A K   ; sin 2  B s  ; A CP  (B +  J/  K + ) b  s  B   II H  Probe: b  s   ; B   (+D ( * ) ) A FB (B  K* ℓ ℓ ) III Electroweak Penguin: A FB (B  K* ℓ ℓ ) ; B  K ( * ) IV RH Currents and Scalar Interactions B s    TCPV in B  X    ; B s   D  mixing V D/K: Box and EWP Redux — D  mixing  ; Rare K  VI  : LFV and (B  L)V   ℓ    ℓ , ℓ ℓ ℓ ’ ;    , p    Thing to watch in ! Hints for BSM

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 53

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 54   / K L detection 14/15 lyr. RPC+Fe Central Drift Chamber small cell +He/C 2 H 6 CsI(Tl) Aerogel Cherenkov Counter n=1.015~1.030 Si Vertex Detector 3(4) lyr. DSSD TOF SC Solenoid 1.5T 8 GeV e  3.5 GeV e  Belle Detector 16X  ACC (PID) ECL SVD KLM CDC

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 55 CP Asymmetry needs both CP Conserv/Violating Phase Particle Process Anti Particle Process CP Violation Primer

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 56 A : Decay Amplitude M 12 : Mixing Amplitude A M 12 Ā CPV in Mixing-Decay Interference B B T-dep. CPV Primer B0B0 B0B0  m t B 0  B 0 Oscillations: e i  m t M 12 Interference of Two Types of Phases CP conserv.

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 57 CP Asymmetry needs both CP Conserv/Violating Phase Particle Process Anti Particle Process CP Violation Primer 2 =m t2 = m t2 =m t2 = m t TCPV:

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 58  B 0 →D  D  : Belle vs BaBar Direct CPV at 3.2  hep-ex/ submitted to PRL 535M 3  variance 383M [hep-ex] submitted to PRL Consistent w/ SM Hard to accommodate Unparticle Effect !? just to be crazy... Zwicky, [hep-ph]

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 59 t t t Nondecoupling of top in EWP — t ~ 1 WSH, Willey, Soni, PRL 58, 1608 (1987) Much TH work...to NNLO In agreement w/ NNLO SM Rates b  s ℓ  ℓ  Rates

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 60

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 61 B  K  D. EPS b s  u u B+B+ K+K+   exotic scalar signal region m  (GeV/c 2 ) Reconstructed  mass BaBar Expected background Events in signal window N e = 1 N  = 0 N  = 2 b e = 0.5  0.3 b  = 0.6  0.3 b  = 1.8  0.6 No evidence of signal UL (90%CL): B (B  K  ) < 7.7x10  346 fb  First search ever done for this channel

The baryon asymmetry of the universe  Baryon number violation (Sakharov condition) For lepton -> baryon + meson decays, the angular momentum conservation requires,  (B-L) = 0 or 2 The following decays modes used in this analysis: (237 fb -1 ) Lepton and baryon number violating  -decay             (hep-ex: ) Swain

Flavour/TeV George W.S. Hou (NTU) SUSY’07, 28/7/07 63 S. flavour/LHC, 3/07