In your own words try to explain a radio active decay series

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Presentation transcript:

In your own words try to explain a radio active decay series Do Now In your own words try to explain a radio active decay series

Radioactive Decay Series

Decay Series One nuclear reaction very rarely enough to produce a stable nuclide. A decay series is a series of radioactive nuclides produced by successive radioactive decay until a stable nuclide is reached.

Stop and Think Why do radio active decay series occur? What causes the decay series of a particular isotope to come to an end?

Parent and Daughter Nuclides The parent nuclide is the heaviest nuclide of each decay series. The daughter nuclides are the nuclides or new elements that are produced by decay of the parent nuclide. All naturally occurring nuclides with atomic numbers greater than 83 are radioactive

Natural Decay Series There are three natural decay series, they begin with the parent nuclides of uranium-238, uranium-235, and thorium-232

Stop and Think Describe a parent nuclide Describe a daughter nuclide How many daughter nuclides are produced from one parent nuclide?

Artificial Transmutation Artificial transmutation is the changing of the identity of a nucleus that is not occurring naturally Artificial transmutation happens by bombarding the nuclei with charged or uncharged particles Great quantities of energy is required to bombard the nuclei with these particles because of the repulsive forces that exist in the nuclei

Stop and Think Describe transmutation Describe artificial transmutation How does artificial transmutation happen? Explain why such a great quantity of energy is need in artificial transmutation

Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion Nuclear fission is when a very heavy nuclei splits into more stable nuclei of intermediate mass. This process can happen spontaneously or from nuclear bombardment The process releases enormous amounts of usable energy The energy is converted from the change in mass from the heavy nuclei to the lighter daughter nuclei

Stop and Think What is nuclear fission? How does nuclear fission happen? What is the purpose of intentional or artificial nuclear fission?

Nuclear Chain Reaction A chain reaction is a reaction in which the material that starts the reaction is also one of the products and can start another reaction. A critical mass is the minimum amount of nuclides that provide the number of neutrons needed to maintain a chain reaction

Stop and Think Describe a chain reaction Why is the critical mass so important?

Nuclear Chain Reaction Atomic bombs are produced from the explosive energy from uncontrolled chain reactions. Nuclear reactors use controlled fission chain reactions to produce energy and radioactive nuclides

Nuclear Power Plants Converts the heat produced by nuclear fission into electrical energy The five main components of the nuclear power plant are shielding, control rods, moderator and coolant, and fuel.

Nuclear Chain Reaction In nuclear fusion, low mass nuclei combine to form a heavier, more stable nucleus. Releases more energy that nuclear fission Unlike fission, nuclear fusion cannot be controlled

Nuclear Chain Reaction Nuclear fusion happens in our sun and stars, Hydrogen atoms come together under extreme temperatures and pressure to produce the helium atom with a loss of mass and release of energy.

Stop and Think The sun and stars are finite objects ( they have a beginning and an end). How does studying nuclear chemistry help to understand this phenomenon?