“Running by the Numbers”
Used to “capitalize” the venture A = L + OE How much Owners Equity? How much Debt?
A sound financial strategy will answer these questions ◦ How much will it cost to startup? ◦ How much will it cost to run the venture? Short term cash needs when revenue low ◦ Revenue and Expenses- operations ◦ Capital (for fixed assets and business expansion), how much and when. ◦ Sources of capital Investors – equity Loans - debt
Sales forecasts Selling costs Gross profit Admin. Costs Pre-tax profit Balance sheet Working Capital Return on Investment Repayment proposal Collateral
All companies need money, therefore, financial objectives must be established and reached. Examples of financial objectives: Canadian Cancer Society ◦ Raise $5 for every Canadian ◦ Breakeven Joe’s Pizza ◦ To increase market share to 10%
Startup costs ◦ All costs associated with getting the venture up and running ◦ Fixed and variable, capital and expense ◦ Often funded with equity or debt ◦ Often included in the valuation of a business Operating costs ◦ All costs needed to keep the business going after startup (i.e. support of revenue generation) ◦ Fixed or variable, expenses. ◦ Should be “funded” from revenues
BREAKEVEN POINT The point at which total revenues equal the total costs. Variable Costs ◦ Directly dependent on the quantity of goods produced Fixed Costs ◦ Constant, independent of sales or other variables Gross Profit ◦ The selling price minus the variable costs ◦ This profit is used to pay the fixed costs, then to make money for itself
Break-even Point = Fixed costs / gross profit Example Company sells teddy bears for $18. Variable costs are $3 per bear and fixed costs are $150,000 Calculate Gross Profit Calculate BEP = FC / GP
The percentage of one company’s sales in relation to the total sales of the industry. Example-If the ACME company had a $225,000 of sales in a $1,500,000 industry, what is Acme’s market share in a percentage? SOLUTION = $225,000 / $1,500,000 x 100 = 15%
The percent of the final selling price that represents the profit Profit margin=Selling price-Cost price * 100 Selling price Example-The Acme Corporation has a selling price of $30 and a cost of $20. What is the profit margin? SOLUTION x 100 = 33% 30
The amount of profit earned in return for the amount of capital invested. Return on = Net Income * 100 Investment Amount Invested Example- ◦ What is the return on investment for the Acme Corporation if it had $ in sales and $ in expenses on its business investment of $ ? SOLUTION = 150, ,000 = 30,000 = 3 = = 6.7% 450, ,000 45