Bloodborne Pathogens BPW Medical Associates

Bloodborne Pathogens Hep B, Hep C, HIV, Malaria Can be transmitted via blood, CSF, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, amniotic fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, semen, vaginal secretions.

Transmission In the occupational setting, transmission most likely will occur by: ◦ Needle stick/sharps injury ◦ Skin or eye contact ◦ Blood or other infectious material (scratches, cuts, bites, wounds)

HIV Incubation period may last for years. Prevalence of HIV is estimated to be 1 million. Risk of HIV infection after a single positive needle stick is 0.3%

Hepatitis B The prevalence of HBV is estimated to be 1 million. 5% progress to chronic infection The risk of HBV infection after a single positive needle stick is 30%. OSHA requires health employees to get a Hep B vaccine or sign a declination statement.

Hepatitis C Prevalence is estimated to be 4 million. 85% progress to chronic infection. Risk of HCV after single positive needle stick is 3-10%. No pre or post-exposure vaccine available.

Methods to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens: Exposure Control Plan Standard Precautions (treat every patient as if they are infected with a bloodborne pathogen) Engineering Controls (i.e. sharps disposable containers, self-sheathing needles) Work Practice Controls (i.e. needles are not recapped, specimens are transported in a secondary container) PPE

Steps to take after an exposure: Do not delay treatment Immediately wash or flush the exposed area with soap and water. Be sure to inform the personnel that the injury is an exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Follow that facilities policy on reporting and follow up care.