Blood Types

Objectives You should be able to: Define the term “Antigen.” Explain what gives blood its type. Define the four known blood types. Explain how a blood type is determined using anti-sera. Explain what an anti-serum is. List which blood types a person can receive via transfusion given their blood type. Explain why a person can only receive specific blood types. Describe the concepts of universal receiver and universal donor.

Blood Types What determines your blood type? What about your blood gives it a “type?” Antigens Proteins expressed on the cell membrane of a cell. Antigens are “antibody generators.” If a cell (with antigens) enters the body and it is recognized as foreign, the body will make antibodies against that cell’s antigens. Antibodies Against Foreign Antigens FOREIGN CELL Foreign Antigens

Blood Types Once antibodies have been made they will attack the foreign cell, helping the white blood cells destroy it. FOREIGN CELL Antibodies attacking the cell

Blood Types The antigens that determine blood type are the A and B antigens. What are the four known blood types? A B AB O

Blood Types A B = A Antigen = B Antigen AB O No Antigens

Blood Typing – Anti-serum Anti-serum A: solution containing antibodies against the A antigen. Anti-serum B: solution containing antibodies against the B antigen. If anti-serum A is added to a drop of type A blood, the blood will clump up (agglutination). The antibodies attack the A antigens and cause the blood cells to become sticky.

Blood Typing – Anti-serum Blood Type Anti-serum A Anti-serum B A Agglutination No reaction B AB O

Who Trashed Your Locker?! Inquiry Lab

Blood Types A No Yes B AB O People with the following blood types will have the antibodies marked “Yes” in their blood. Blood Type A Antibodies B Antibodies A No Yes B AB O

Transfusions What does this mean when it comes to blood transfusions? People can only receive blood that is compatible with their own blood. Receiver Possible Donor Blood Type(s) A A or O B B or O AB A, B, AB or O O Universal Receiver Universal Donor

Transfusions

Blood Types When the Rh antigen is added to this, what are the possible blood types? A+ and A- B+ and B- AB+ and AB- O+ and O-

Blood Types Which of the follow blood cells do you think would have the Rh antigen expressed on its surface? A+ A- = Rh antigen

Blood Types Review

What determines a person’s blood type? Antidotes Antigens Antibodies None of the above

What are the four known blood types? A, B, AB, O A, B, AO, O A, B, AB, C A, B, C, D

If a person has neither A nor B antigens on their red blood cells, their blood type is… AB O

A person’s blood type is B A person’s blood type is B. Which antigens are present on their red blood cells? A antigens B antigens AB antigens O antigens

What does an anti-serum contain? Antigens White blood cells Antibodies Plasma

Anti-serum A contains antibodies against which antigen? A antigen B antigen Both 1 and 2 None of the above

What happens when the antibodies in an anti-serum attack the blood in a blood sample? Coagulation Clotting Clumping Agglutination

One drop of blood agglutinates when anti-serum A is added One drop of blood agglutinates when anti-serum A is added. Another drop of the same blood does not agglutinate when anti-serum B is added. What is the person’s blood type? A B AB O

What is Rh factor? Antibody Enzyme Antigen Disease