EDU 103 Fall 2009 December

EDU 103 Chapter # 8 Governance & Finance: Regulating and Funding Schools

EDU 103 Chapter Outline

EDU 103 Governance: How are schools regulated and run? School Finance: How are schools funded? Emerging issues in school governance and finance.

EDU 103 Read the summary of the chapter – Pages 271 & Describe the major educational governance structures at the state and local levels.

EDU th Amendment to the United States Constitution. Each state has a governor, a state legislature, & a state office of education. Local control via an elected board of education for most school districts..

EDU Explain the different sources and targets of educational funding. Three sources- –49% from state –43% from local –8 % from federal

EDU % Most educational expense is for instructional services – mostly teacher salaries 10% for instructional assistance 10% to administration 10% for buildings (physical plant) 4% for bus transportation 4% for cafeteria expenses

EDU Describe the major current issues in school governance and finance. Funding inequities within states –Large number of court cases –Resulted in a larger percentage of state funding and a smaller percentage of local funding.

EDU 103 Site-based decision making –Parents & teachers have greater input into curricular and instructional decisions. –In KY there are site-based counsels that work with building principals to make many decisions

EDU 103 Charter schools –Alternative schools that are publically funded, but are independently operated –The plan or “charter” must be accepted by the local board or state office of education Vouchers –A check or written document that parents can use to purchase educational services Privatization –Corporations such as Edison Schools, Sylvan, and others –Take over selected schools and “run” the school to make a profit

EDU 103 Learning Objectives

EDU 103 Describe the major educational governance structures at the state and local levels. Explain the different sources and targets of educational funding. Describe the major current issues in school governance and finance.

EDU 103 Block Grants – Page 256 Categorical grants – Page 256 Charter schools – Page 264 Homeschooling – Page 268 Local school board – Page 248

EDU 103 Property taxes – Page 255 School district – Page 247 School principal – Page 251 Site-based decision making – Page 262 State office of education – Page 245

EDU 103 State tuition tax-credit plans – Page 267 Superintendent – Page 250 Voucher – Page 266 Weighted student formula – Page 261

EDU 103 State tuition tax-credit – Page 302 Superintendent - page 280 Voucher – Page 296

EDU 103 A Legal Overview In the United States 10 th Amendment

EDU 103 State Board of Education State Constitution Governors & State Legislatures

EDU 103 State Board of Education – What do they do? Issue and revoke teaching licenses Establish the length of the school year Publish standards for approving and accrediting schools Develop and implement uniform systems to collect data, such as standardized achievement test scores, enrollment trends and demographics

EDU 103 State Board of Education – Who are they? –People outside professional education –In most states these people are appointed by the governor –In some states they are elected by the voters (25%) –Most serve without pay

EDU 103 State Office of Education –Responsible for what? –Implement policy on a day-by-day basis –Staffed by full-time educational professionals All most all have been teachers and advanced degrees in education

EDU 103 Chief State School Superintendent –Responsible for what? –Top administrator

School Districts What is a school district?

EDU 103 Local School Board What is a school board and what do school boards do?

EDU 103 –Superintendent What is a school superintendent and what does he/she do?

EDU 103 The District Office Staff –Who is the district office staff? –What do they do?

EDU 103 School Principal Who is the school principal and what does he/she do?

EDU 103 Principals are crucial in creating well-run learning-oriented schools –What do effective principals do?

EDU 103 How are schools funded? –Local, state, and federal sources

EDU 103 Local Funding –Major source of monies? –Other sources?

EDU 103 Local percentage of money

EDU 103 State Sources of money

EDU 103 State percentage of money

EDU 103 Federal Sources –Categorical grants –Block grants

EDU 103 Educational expenses –Per pupil cost varies

EDU 103 Educational expenses at the district level

EDU 103 Typical Year –450,000 school buses travel 4 billion miles, provide 10 billion separate rides to nearly 24 million K- 12 students –In 1998 – 54% of the students were transported a cost of $493 per student

EDU 103 Funding inequities –Serrano v. Priest California case –1971 Case

EDU 103 Rodriguez case in Texas –1973 Supreme Court Case

EDU 103 Site-based decision making

EDU 103 School choice Charter Schools Vouchers

EDU 103 State tuition tax-credit plans Homeschooling

EDU 103 REVIEW Education is the responsibility of each state –Why? State Board of Education State Office of Education Chief state school officer School Districts

EDU 103 REVIEW Local School Board Superintendent District Office Principal

EDU 103 REVIEW Funding of schools –Three sources –Where does the revenue come from? How is the money spent?

EDU 103 REVIEW Funding inequities Site-based decision making School choice

EDU 103 REVIEW Charter schools Vouchers State tuition tax-credit plans

EDU 103 REVIEW Homeschooling