Early Social Thinkers Auguste Comte (1798 – 1857).

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Presentation transcript:

Early Social Thinkers Auguste Comte (1798 – 1857)

Auguste Comte French philosopher (1798-1857), considered to the founder of sociology He coined the term “sociology” to describe a new science – a science that would study society

Comte’s influences He was influenced greatly by his mentor, Count Henri de Saint-Simon Comte sought to use the methods of the natural sciences by applying them to the study of society He envisioned a new society where intellectuals (such as himself) would become the new leaders He believed that the new science of sociology would play an important role in the re-organization of society

Comte’s philosophy Comte’s philosophy is known as positivism Positivism is the belief that the world can best be understood through scientific inquiry Comte believed that science was the key to attaining knowledge, not religion His ‘positivism’ had 2 dimensions: Methodological – the application of scientific knowledge to both physical and social phenomena Social and political – the use of such knowledge to predict the likely results of different policies so that the best one could be chosen

Comte’s philosophy Comte believed that human thought / knowledge passed through stages as societies became more complex Theological stage – explanations are based upon religion and the supernatural Metaphysical stage – explanations are based on abstract philosophical speculation Scientific (or positive) stage – explanations are based on systematic observation, experimentation, comparison and historical analysis

Comte’s legacy Comte’s philosophy regarding the objective, systematic study of society are deeply embedded in sociology His theory that societies contain social statics (forces for social order and stability) and social dynamics (forces for conflict and change) are still used in contemporary sociology He also made insightful connections between the different structures of society (family, government, religion, etc.)

Criticisms of Comte Comte has been criticized for over-emphasizing the use of the science as a means of analyzing society Some also say that he was in fact neither objective or scientific in his studies, because he focused more on a privileged segment of society They claim that he excluded people of different class, gender, sex, gender, race, ethnicity and age