IDV study1 The work was supported by National Institute of Mental Health grant T32MH15161 and the University of New Hampshire. A STUDY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN 30 COUNTRIES Soc 695 Research On Family Violence In World Perspective Murray A. Straus THE INTERNATIONAL DATING VIOLENCE STUDY (IDVS)**

IDV study2 OBJECTIVES TODAY GET AN OVERVIEW OF THE INTERNATIONAL DATING VIOLENCE STUDY You will be using this data for lab projects all semester UNDERSTAND HOW THE CONFLICT TACTICS SCALES MEASURES FAMILY VIOLENCE Shows the importance of measurement in science Illustrates some aspects of the sociology of science

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4 MAIN PURPOSES OF THE IDVS

IDV study5 PURPOSE 2: TEST THEORIES ABOUT THE CAUSESOF VIOLENCE AGAINST PARTNERS EXAMPLES ANTI-SOCIAL PERSONALITY ALCOHOL ABUSE ANGER MANAGEMENT SKILL DOMINANCE OF ONE PARTNER COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS CRIMINALITY GENDER HOSTILITY GENDER INEQUALITY SELF-CONTROL SOCIAL INTEGRATION SOCIAL STRESS VIOLENT CHILD REARING VIOLENT CULTURAL NORMS

IDV study6 SOME ILLUSTRATIVE FINDINGS * RATES OF ASSAULT AND INJURY * TESTS OF THEORIES ABOUT THE CAUSES

IDV study7 PHYSICAL ASSAULT SCALE OF THE CTS2 MINOR PHYSICAL ASSAULT Slapped my partner Grabbed my partner Threw something at my partner that could hurt Twisted my partner ’ s arm or hair Pushed or shoved my partner SEVERE PHYSICAL ASSAULT Punched or hit my partner with something that could hurt Kicked my partner Slammed my partner against a wall Choked my partner Beat up my partner Burned or scalded my partner Used knife or gun on my partner

IDV study8 PHYSICAL ASSAULT RATES

IDV study9 CTS2

IDV study10 TOTAL INJURY SEVERE INJURY

IDV study11 FIGURE 1. THE HIGHER THE PERCENT WHO SEVERELY ASSAULTED A PARTNER, THE MORE PARTNERS WHO WERE INJURED (TOTAL) r = 0.85 SCATTER PLOT EXAMPLE

IDV study12 CTS2

IDV study13 CONCLUSIONS HIGH RATES OF ASSAULT AND INJURY IN ALL COUNTRIES RATES OF PERPETRATION BY WOMEN AND MEN ARE SIMILAR, EXCEPT MEN CAUSE MORE INJURY THE INJURY DATA SHOWS THAT MANY ASSAULTS ARE NOT TRIVIAL RESULTS ARE CONSISTENT WITH OTHER STUDIES OF STUDENTS THERE ARE LARGE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. – Presumably these are because of cultural and social organizational differences between the national contexts – We will test that theory in the lab projects

IDV study14 SOME FINDINGS ON RISK FACTORS FOR VIOLENCE AGAINST A DATING PARTNER DATA ON RISK FACTORS IS FROM THE PERSONAL AND RELATIONSHIPS PROFILE

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IDV study20 ARE COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS PART OF THE PROBLEM?

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IDV study22 RISK FACTORS FOR PSYSYCHOLOGICAL AGGRESSION (VERBAL ATTACKS) * RISK FACTORSARE SIMILAR TO RISK FACTORS FOR PHYSICAL ASSAULT * PROBABLY BECAUSE PSYCHOLGICAL AND PHYSICAL ATTACKS ARE HIGHLY CORRELATED

IDV study23 CTS2

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IDV study25 SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CAUSES SOCIAL INTEGRATION CRIMINAL HISTORY COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS LENGTH OF THE RELATIONSHIP ILLUSTRATES THE INTER-RELATION OF THE SOCIAL AND THE PSYCHOLOGICAL

IDV study26 THE CONCEPT OF A “RISK FACTOR” A CONDITION WHICH INCREASES THE PROBABILITY OF A DISEASE OR PROBLEM EXAMPLES: –SMOKING AND DEATH FROM SMOKING RELATED DISEASE (33% chance) –MALE DOMINANCE AND WIFE BEATING (20% chance - 7 fold increase) –SPANKING AND DELINQUENCY (24% chance - 5 fold increase) –BINGE DRINKING AND WIFE BEATING (19% chance - 3 fold increase)

IDV study27 CONCLUSIONS VIOLENCE AGAINST DATING PARTNERS HAS MANY “CAUSES” (“RISK FACTORS”) THE “CAUSES” OF VIOLENCE AGAINST PARTNERS ARE SIMILAR FOR MEN AND WOMEN EACH ADDITONAL RISK FACTOR INCREASE THE PROBABILITY OF VIOLENCE, BUT NONE GUARANTEE IT MOST OF THE RISK FACTORS ARE THINGS THAT CAN BE CHANGED. SO PREVENTION OF FAMILY VIOLENCE IS A REALISTIC SOCIAL POLICY GOAL

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IDV study29 LIMITATIONS OF THE IDVS NOT A RANDOM SAMPLE OF ANY SPECIFIC UNIVERSE “Random” “Universe” Implications NO ASSURANCE THAT TRANSLATIONS WERE DONE CORRECTLY EVEN IF TRANSLATED CORRECTLY, CONCEPT MAY NOT BE MEANINGFUL IN ALL CULTURAL CONTEXTS PROCEDURES WERE BIZARRE FOR STUDENTS IN SOME COUNTRIES WEAK OR NO EVIDENCE OF VALIDITY FOR MOST OF THE MEASURES OF RISK FACTORS NOT ENOUGH CASES IN A FEW COUNTRIES OTHER?

IDV study30 WHY THE IDVS IS WORTH DOING DESPITE THE LIMITATIONS NO OTHER DATA ON PV THAT IS COMPARABLE INTERNATIONALLY PERMITS TESTS OF MANY THEORIES The ones covered today Binge Drinking Theory – only for those with an anti-social personality

IDV study31 POINTS TO BE SURE YOU UNDERSTAND THE TWO MAIN PURPOSES OF THE IDVS AND WHAT THE DIFFERENCE IS AN EXAMPLE OF A RESULT FROM EACH PURPOSE WHAT A SCATTER PLOT AND REGRESSION LINE ARE (WILL BE CLEAR WHEN WE DO LAB C) THE CONCEPT OF “RISK FACTOR” AND AN EXAMPLE THE CONCEPT OF A “SOCIAL CAUSE” THE CONCEPT OF MULTIPLE CAUSATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS LIMITATIONS OF THE IDVS WHY THE STUDY IS WORTH DOING DESPITE THOSE LIMITATIONS