Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

Chemical Reactions Processes that change or transform one set of chemicals into another Reactants enter the chemical reaction Products are the end results +

Energy Some chemical reaction release energy, and others absorb energy Example: o Hydrogen reacting with Oxygen producing Water vapor 2H2 + O2 2H2O o Sometimes when hydrogen and oxygen combine, they explode releasing heat, light, and sound energy in addition to water o In the reverse, energy needs to be put into water in order to turn it into hydrogen and oxygen

Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions take place in every living organism What are some examples of reactions that happen in you? o Digestion o Respiration o Sweating o Moving Muscles

Enzymes Catalysts – A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction o Catalysts do not change the products of a reaction Enzymes – Are biological catalysts that speed up reactions that take place in cells

Enzymes (Cont) Enzymes are a special type of Protein Enzymes typically end with ‘ase’ Hundreds of enzymes are found in every one of your cells!

Enzyme Structure The reactants that the enzymes ‘work’ on are known as the substrates The substrates have specific shapes The enzymes have special sites where these substrates attach called Active Sites

Enzyme Structure The active site is where the substrate binds

Video On how Enzymes work

Enzyme Regulation Sometimes there are molecules inside the cell that can tell an enzyme to either begin to work, or to stop working Inhibitors- Molecules that stop enzymes from working Cofactors – Molecules that help enzymes do their jobs o Also known as Coenzymes

Inhibitors Inhibitors will bind to the enzymes, and change the shape of the active site

Any Questions? Lets Review… What is an Enzyme? Carb, lipid, or protein Where are they found? What is the molecule called that attaches to the Enzyme? Active site, substrate, or product What is the place called that the molecules attach to on the enzyme? Active site, substrate, or product What comes out of the enzyme? Reactant, product, or active site