20 th Century China Unit 6 Ms. Hunt RMS IB

Before the World Wars Opium Wars = Great Britain vs. China Why? China did not want to trade with Great Britain Treaty of Nanking, 1842, ends Opium Wars – Great Britain gains trade with China and Hong Kong Taiping Rebellion- Chinese peasants angry about treaty – 14 years long – 20 million people died

Boxer Rebellion Boxer Rebellion, 1900 – Goal- remove all foreigners from China and end the Qing Dynasty – Wanted to be isolated- “Isolationism” – European nations and the US helped the Chinese government defeat the Boxers

Poster- Eight Nation Alliance How does the poster help us to understand the following questions: Why do you think China wished to not use isolationism after the Opium Wars? How did other nations feel about their want to join the global stage?

China’s New Republic Sun Yat-sen- founder of the Chinese Nationalist Party – 1911 took control of China – Led China through WWI – Was a member of the Allied Powers During World Wars, other political groups began to emerge

Political Parties Divide China Following WWI, Chiang Kai-shek becomes the new leader of China Civil War – Chiang (Nationalist) against the Communist party – Chiang was victorious! The Long March – Communist retreat – 100,000 people marched over 6,000 miles

China and WWII World War II- China is invaded by the Japanese Chiang needs the help of the Communist Red Army – Does not have enough resources (men, weapons, support) Join together to fight Japanese during WWII After WWII Communist and Nationalist parties fight again

Communist China Communists take control of China and create the People’s Republic of China – Mao Zedong- new ruler Communism- government holds all of the power and the production of the people

Mao Zedong and Propaganda

First Communist Actions All land was divided among the people to work Great Leap Forward- plan for economic development – Huge farms created – Over 25,000 people lived and worked farm – Small industry (not creating a lot of goods) – Education and health care provided to farm workers Ruined the economy! – 20 million people starved – Millions more died from disease

Cultural Revolution Goal- remove opposition from the Communist party “Red Guards”- citizens who worked to find those who spoke out against the Communist Party – Anyone who had contact with or wished for Westernization was punished – Erase the Four Olds – Old Customs – Old Culture – Old Ideology – Old Habits – Creation of chaos! Mao dies and Cultural Revolution ends

“ The invincible thoughts of Mao Zedong illuminates the stages of revolutionary art.”

Post Revolution- Cultural Clashes Blend of old and new Chinese culture Deng Xiaoping- leader of China following Mao’s death Made changes = more freedom! Allowed for land ownership Created political relationships with other nations (no isolationism) Still controlled basic rights Think about it!- Why do you think the magazine asks whether Deng is a friend or foe?

Civil Unrest Communist government still controlled people’s rights and freedoms Chinese people “This is not fair!” Tiananmen Square- April 1989, people demonstrated against Communist government – Not allowed to practice their freedom of speech – Brutal attack by the government killed many demonstrators