Organic Polymers.

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Presentation transcript:

Organic Polymers

Organic Polymer Chemistry Polymer: from the Greek, poly + meros, many parts. Any long-chain molecule synthesized by linking together single parts called monomers Monomer: from the Greek, mono + meros, single part. The simplest unit from which a polymer is synthesized Homopolymer: a polymer made of a single type of monomer Copolymer: a polymer made of two or more different types of monomers combined

Notation & Nomenclature Show the structure by placing square brackets around the repeat unit n = average degree of polymerization To name a polymer, prefix poly to the name of the monomer from which the polymer is derived

Synthetic Addition Polymers Addition Polymerization: a polymerization in which monomer units with unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds are joined together without loss of atoms. For example: The properties of polymers are dependent on the type of functional group attached to the monomer.

Polyethylenes

Polyethylenes

Cross-Linking Some monomer functional groups have the ability to form cross-links. Cross-linking is bonding of adjacent polymer strands As a general rule, the more cross-linking present the more rigid and inflexible the polymer becomes. Dienes (monomers with 2 unsaturated bonds) form strong cross-links Sulphur is also used to create cross-links due to the fact it is able to form two covalent bonds. (vulcanization)

Homework Please read section 2.1 and 2.2 Page 87 #1-3 Page 93 #1,2,4

Synthetic Condensation Polymers Condensation polymerization: a polymerization in which chain growth occurs by a condensation reaction (removal of water) between difunctional monomers Polyesters: A polymer formed by a condensation reaction that results in ester linkages between monomers. Polyamides: a polymer formed by condensation reactions resulting in amide linkages between monomers.

Polyesters Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is fabricated into plastic beverage containers

Polyamides Nylon 66 (from two six-carbon monomers) during fabrication, nylon fibers are cold-drawn to about 4 times their original length, which increases crystallinity, tensile strength, and stiffness

Polyamides Kevlar is a polyaromatic amide (an aramid) cables of Kevlar are as strong as cables of steel, but only about 20% the weight. Kevlar fabric is used for bulletproof vests, jackets, and raincoats

Recycling Codes

Recycling Codes

Homework Please read section 2.4 Page 98 #1 Page 99 #1-6