 A transistor: a three-terminal semiconductor device that can perform two functions: amplification and switching.  Amplification consists of magnifying.

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Presentation transcript:

 A transistor: a three-terminal semiconductor device that can perform two functions: amplification and switching.  Amplification consists of magnifying a signal by transferring energy to it from an external source  Transistor switch: a device for controlling a relatively large current between or voltage across two terminals by means of a small control current or voltage applied at a third terminal

 There are two main types of transistors: Field-Effect Transistors and Bipolar Junction Transistors.  Bipolar junction transistor (BJT) consists of two pn junctions connected back to-back.  There are two types of BJT: npn and pnp transistors.

 npn transistors are much more popular than pnp transistors because electrons move faster in a semiconductor.  A npn transistor has a faster response time compared to a pnp transistor.

 The base-emitter (BE) junction acts very much as a diode when it is forward-biased  BE junction is forward-biased  Some of the electron-hole pairs in the base will recombine; the remaining charge carriers will give rise to a net flow of current from base to emitter.  The base is much narrower than the emitter section of the transistor

 Here  is a current amplification factor dependent on the physical properties of the BJT.  Typical values of  range from 20 to 200.   is not a parameter you want to design your circuit around. In other words, you want to make your BJT circuit amplify independent of 