Unit 13 - The Origins of the Cold War 1945-1965

I. Causes of the CW A. The Iron Curtain Winston Churchill gave the Iron Curtain speech in 1946 Map of the Iron Curtain

B. The Truman Doctrine, 1947 Asked Congress to aid Greece & Turkey ($400 B) Policy of containment Promise to aid all countries w/ Communist threats President Truman outlined the Truman Doctrine to a joint session of Congress in March of 1947

A map showing how the plan’s $20B was distributed by country C. The Marshall Plan, 1947 1. $13 billion in grants & loans to Western Europe Photo shows a delivery of wheat from the U.S. being unloaded in Rotterdam, Netherlands A map showing how the plan’s $20B was distributed by country

D. NATO Treaty, 1949. E. Warsaw Pact, 1955.

F. Berlin Airlift Stalin blocks access to W. Berlin Truman sends supplies via air drops Stalin contracts Berlin Wall

Central Historical Question Who started the Cold War?

II. Korean War Mao Zedong wins Chinese Civil War (Communist) Korea split into two at 38th Parallel North = Communist, Totalitarian South = Capitalist, Democratic North invades South 1. Desire to reunite Korea under communism 2. Truman vows to support S. Korea 3. UN Security Council votes to also

D. Intervention UN Enters Chinese Stalemate MacArthur Fired by Truman

E. Results Eisenhower ends the war Border remains at the 38th parallel Precedent set to send troops w/o declaring war Increase in Military SEATO formed

III. Cold War Tensions Soviets have nukes by 1949 Truman vs. Eisenhower Both believe in containment Dulles’ Mass retaliation Policy Arms Race 1. Hydrogen Bomb Stalin dies 1953 Khrushchev takes power Meets with Eisenhower “Peaceful co-existence”

III. Cold War Tensions Cont. E. Uprisings in Eastern Block F. Suez Canal Crisis G. Eisenhower Doctrine 1. Lebanon & Jordan H. CIA – Central Intelligence Agency 1.Guatemala Space Race Sputnik NASA J. U2 Incident

EQ: What impact did the 2nd Red Scare have on the US? Do Now: Read and summarize the Smith Act. How did it impact the Communist Party in the US?

IV. Cold War at Home 2nd Red Scare 1. Commies are everywhere Smith Act cripples Communist Party HUAC - House Un-American Activities Committee Hollywood Ten blacklists D. Espionage Alger Hiss Rosenberg's

E. Joseph McCarthy 1. traitors in the US State Dept. 2. wins re-election w/ promise to find communists 3. McCarthyism 4. TV Hearings https://youtu.be/FQQaX2h1plo

EQ: What impact did JFK have on the Cold War? HW#17  Review Book P. 256-261  Answer All questions in the margins (i.e. Analyzing Documents & Key Themes and Concepts) Do Now: Watch JFK Inaugural Address https://youtu.be/mxa4HDgfWFs 1. What three main points does he make?

V. JFK Foreign Policy Eisenhower vs. JFK 1. flexible response – Nuclear or guerilla a. Green Berets B. Peace Corps C. Alliance for Progress 1. resurrects FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy

V. JFK Foreign Policy (cont.) D. Bay of Pigs 1. CIA sponsored revolt of Cuba 2. Invasion Fails 3. JFK takes blame https://youtu.be/8qXZp8bxpNY E. Cuban Missile Crisis 1. USSR places missile silos in Cuba 2. JFK places naval blockade 3. Both sides agree to remove missiles a. US in Turkey and Italy 4. US-USSR Hotline installed https://youtu.be/H5ZzL9KsyPY