System Definition Review 3/27/07 Team 1 Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work System Definition Review 3/27/07 Team 1 John Horst Jared Odle Keith Fay Boyce Dauby Andrew Kovach Akshay Raje Jason Darby Manish Handa AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Representative Layout Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work Mission Statement: The objective is to provide a fixed-wing, semi- autonomous, long-endurance, continuous-area coverage unmanned aerial vehicle to relay communication of tactical importance for an extended period of time. Department of Defense Front-line tactical communication relay to/from warfighter Relief Agencies/FEMA Front-line tactical communication relay to/from ground first responders Commercial Customers Damaged service locations, scouting of new telecommunication markets, and remote locations AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Representative Layout Competition Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work Broadcast Towers Communication Satellites Lighter-Than-Air Vehicles Shadow 200 Hunter Predator AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Representative Layout Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work CONOPS Takeoff Conventional runway takeoff (Autonomous or Remote Operation) Distance from Takeoff to Coverage Area Transmitting/Receiving Ground Forces  UAV  Command Station or other Ground Forces Control Autonomous with manual backup/mission override Remote Operators Trained military UAV pilots controlling from Mission Command Center Level of Threat Design for high threat environment AAE 451 – Team 1 – 3/27/07 4

Representative Layout CONOPS Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work http://www.afcea.org/signal/articles/templates/SIGNAL_Article_Template.asp?articleid=507&zoneid=4 Provide continuous area coverage for and extended time period Multiple UAVs in system Redundancy by overlapping coverage Survivability via electronic countermeasures AAE 451 – Team 1 – 3/27/07 5

Design Requirements Target Threshold Endurance 24 hr 14 hr Range* Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work Design Requirements Target Threshold Endurance 24 hr 14 hr Range* 100 nm 50 nm Ceiling 30,000 ft MSL 15,000 ft MSL Takeoff 500 ft 1,000 ft Landing Transportation Volume Fit inside C-130 55’x10’x9’ Fit inside C-5 143’x19’x13.5’ AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Representative Layout Pugh’s Method Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work An iterative approach to synthesize novel concepts Choose Criteria Clarify Concepts Choose Baseline Concept Choose relative rankings (+,-,S) Create hybrids better than any first generation concepts Iterate AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Representative Layout Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work A F K B H J AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Representative Layout Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work P N L M AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Pugh’s Method Rankings AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Representative Layout Current Concept Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work Twin-Engine, Retractable Tail-Dragger Landing Gear Unswept Tapered Low Wing, Conventional Tail Wingspan = 55 ft Taper Ratio = 0.4 AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Communications Payload Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work AJCN - Adaptive Joint C4ISR Node by BAE Systems Weight 200 – 270 lbs Power 1500 W Volume* 6 – 9 ft3 Range (Air-to-Ground) 55 – 100 nm @ 15,000 ft Range (Air-to-Air) 60 nm @ 15,000 ft *Volume approximated by avionic density: 0.02 – 0.03 ft3/lb AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Representative Layout Additional Payload Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work Camera MicroPilot - Dayview/Nightview Interchangeable with Thermal Imaging Mode 25x Optical Zoom 320 x 240 Resolution 3 Watts of Power 2.2 pounds (Ø) 4.3 in x (H) 8.3 in AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Representative Layout Additional Payload Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work Missile Warning/Countermeasures - BAE Systems AN/ALQ-156(V) Warning System 425 Watts of Power 50 pounds 20.4 × 10.2 × 7.6 in AN/ALE-47 Dispensing System Automatic Response Protects Against: Air Interceptor (AI), Anti-Aircraft Artillery (AAA), and Surface-to-Air Missiles (SAMs) 20 pounds Fielded on 1,307 Aircraft 43.7 x 39.5 x 26.8 in AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Constraint Diagrams Assumptions: Combat Radius 100 nm L/D 12 Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work Assumptions: Combat Radius 100 nm L/D 12 Propeller Efficiency 0.8 Specific Fuel Consumption (cbhp) 0.4 lb/hp-hr (cruise) 0.5 lb/hp-hr (loiter) Loiter Velocity 80 kts we/w0 (from UAV database) Aspect Ratio 10 Λ CLmax 1.8 (Takeoff) 1.6 (Landing) AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Representative Layout Constraint Diagrams Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Preliminary Carpet Plot Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Representative Layout Design Mission Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0-1 Taxi/Takeoff 1-2 Climb to Cruise Altitude 2-3 Cruise to Target 3-4 Change to Loiter Altitude 4-5 Loiter 5-6 Change to Cruise Altitude 6-7 Cruise to Runway 7-8 Descend 8-9 Land/Taxi AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Representative Layout Design Mission Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work 500 ft takeoff Cruise to/from combat area Altitude: 15,000 ft AGL Distance: Up to 100 nm Loiter above combat area Velocity: 80 kts Endurance: Up to 20 hrs 500 ft landing AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Representative Layout Sizing Codes Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work MATLAB Used to generate current constraint diagrams and preliminary carpet plots FLOPS Current issues involve parametric optimization, variable definitions, and power-to-thrust conversion ACS Currently refining accuracy of variables Carpet plots possible, accuracy questionable AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Representative Layout Component Layout Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work 1 2 5 4 3 1. Engine Nacelles 2. Camera 3. AJCN 4. Avionics 5. Fuel Tanks AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Representative Layout Component Layout Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Representative Layout Compliance Matrix Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work Target Threshold Current Endurance 24 hr 14 hr 20 hr Range* 100 nm 50 nm Ceiling 30,000 ft MSL 15,000 ft MSL ~30,000 ft MSL Takeoff 500 ft 1,000 ft Landing Loiter Altitude 15,000 ft AGL Current Gross Weight 3,250 lbs * Distance to Mission Area AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07

Representative Layout Future Work Introduction Target Market Concept of Operations Design Requirements Concept Selection Payload Description Performance Constraints Representative Layout Requirements Compliance Future Work Sizing Update Carpet Plots More Accurate Results from ACS and FLOPS Component Selection Airfoil, Engine, and Propeller Selection Performance Define Operating Envelope Structures Structural Layout Material Selection Stability and Control Center of Gravity Static Margin AAE 451 - Team 1 - 3/27/07