Dick Auld Calvin Trostle Plant & Soil Sciences Extension Agronomist

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Presentation transcript:

Development of Safflower as a New Winter Crop for the Texas High Plains Dick Auld Calvin Trostle Plant & Soil Sciences Extension Agronomist Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock Texas AgriLife Extension Service 806.742.5704, dick.auld@ttu.edu 806.746.6101, ctrostle@ag.tamu.edu

Safflower Carthamus tinctorius L. Origin: Middle East Oil Content: 20-45% Premium Oil: Linoleic and Oleic Acid Disadvantages: Foliar and Head Rot diseases. Advantages: Very drought tolerant due to extensive root system (3 to 10 feet). “The best location to grow safflower may be where it doesn’t rain after flowering.”

Safflower Carthamus tinctorius L. Like many oilseed crops, can you justify making fuel out of this oil which has valuable food and industrial uses? “If you can grow wheat, you can grow safflower.” 3

Safflower Carthamus tinctorius L. Planting experience so far suggests that safflower establishes relatively easily Testing at Pecos among spring types indicates ready establishment under salty conditions 4

Spring Safflower Best time to plant? Seed germination can handle cold temps down to 40 F Initial High Plains seeding is best probably in March, maybe even late Feb. Later plantings may suffer from heat and/or Botrytis head rot What about July plantings with maturity in the cool fall? Most current commercial varieties are spring

Winter Safflower on the Texas High Plains Compliment existing winter wheat production with higher potential return. Higher yield potential and fewer disease problems than spring safflower Introduce a new oilseed crop into the region

Research Calendar 2006-2007: Evaluated 30 accessions of safflower that had exhibited Winter Hardiness. 2007-2008: Evaluated 8 accessions with good Winter Hardiness for Seed Yield & Irrigation Efficiency Across the State of Texas. 2008-2009: Expanded Research Plots and Initial Commercial Production Plots (12 acres).

Research Objectives Identify Potential Varieties Adapted across Texas. Develop Production Guidelines such as Planting Date, Fertility, Irrigation Scheduling and Pest Control. Determine Potential Seed, Oil, and Biofuel Yield per Acre in Initial Commercial Trials.

2007-2008 Trials Planted 8 Lines on September 15, 2007. Planted on subsurface drip with tape 8-10 inches below root zone on 40 inch centers. The five irrigation regimes were 2.6, 3.2, 3.7, 4.2, and 5.5 inches of Irrigation,. Site had 11.8 inches of Precipitation during growing season.

Environmental Conditions First freeze occurred October 23, and first hard freeze November 22. Low for winter occurred in early February (5o F) resulting in no further stand loss. Seven of eight accessions demonstrated a minimum of 80% stand survival through the winter of 2007-2008.

September 21, 2007

January 11, 2008

May 19, 2008

May 19, 2008

6/19/08, notice maturity range

June 19, 2008

Results Seed oil content was 24-28% (Spring Safflower 38-44%) Excellent irrigated seed yields (1,800 to 2,400 lbs/A) Two maturity groups (Mid-June & early July) No insect pests No disease problems

Conclusion Highest Seed Yields from the 3.7 inch Irrigation Rate (Total of 15.5 inches of Water). Winter Safflower Appears to have Higher Water Use Efficiency but Equivalent Winter Survival, Maturity and Seed Yield Potential as Winter Wheat in this Region. Crosses are being made to Increase Oil Content & Develop High Oleic Acid Lines.

Winter Types vs. Spring Taller winter hardy Safflower in center vs. non-hardy spring type in front (almost all dead), Hale Co., TX Total oil yield per acre for winter hardy and spring types may be similar Due to less likelihood of disease, efficient use of water, lower weed competition, however, we think that winter safflower could be more advantageous economically

Production Issues (1) Markets Crushing facilities Availability of seed Dreamland Industries, Abilene California Oils (markets into Texas?) Crushing facilities Availability of seed N fertilizer will be needed, 80-100 lbs. N/A for irrigated When to plant, especially for spring types Most safflower is drilled, rows reduce advantage

Production Issues (2) Yield potential in Texas needs to be established Herbicides for safflower—what weed problems can you handle with: EPTC (Eptam) Trifluralin/ethalfluralin (Treflan/Sonalan) s-metolachlor (Dual) Sethoxydim (Poast Plus) Clethodim (Select Max) Direct harvest with combine

Special Acknowledgements Richard Johnson USDA-ARS Pullman, WA (WSRC01, WSRC02, WSRC03) Dr Travis Miller Texas AgriLife Extension Dreamland Industries, Inc. International Travel Support

Production of Feedstock Oils And Biodiesel

Funding provided by This event also made possible, in part, by generous support from the City of Plainview Convention & Visitors Bureau.