balancedgrowth.ohio.gov Case Studies in Implementation: Best Local Land Use Practices Chris Riddle, Ohio Lake Erie Commission Kirby Date, AICP, Cleveland State University John Aldrich, P.E., CDM Mark McCabe, P.E., CDM

balancedgrowth.ohio.gov Agenda The Ohio Balanced Growth Program Best Local Land Use Practices Case Study Project Description, Issues Triple Bottom Line Site Planning Process Next Steps

balancedgrowth.ohio.gov Ohio Lake Erie Commission Mission: Protect & Restore Lake Erie Department of Agriculture Department of Development Department of Health Department of Natural Resources Department of Transportation Environmental Protection Agency

balancedgrowth.ohio.gov Lake Erie Protection and Restoration Plan 2000 Balanced Growth Taskforce Balanced Growth Strategy adopted by OLEC 2006 & 2010 Linking Land Use Watershed Planning Framework State Agency Policies and Incentives Linking Land Use Best Local Land Use Practices Three Watershed Balanced Growth Pilot Plans and Future Plans Best Practices Training Program Credit: Wendy Kellogg, CSU The Ohio Balanced Growth Program

balancedgrowth.ohio.gov Priority Best Local Land Use Practices 1. Comprehensive Planning 2. Compact Development 3. Conservation Development 4. Storm Water Management 5. Stream and Wetland Setbacks 6. Meadow Protection Project Focus

balancedgrowth.ohio.gov 3.CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT Apply Conservation Development, with adequate standards, where appropriate Priority Best Local Land Use Practices

balancedgrowth.ohio.gov ConventionalConservation Development 40-50% Permanent Open Space Quality Open Space Resource Protection Appropriate Development Intensity

balancedgrowth.ohio.gov

4. STORM WATER MANAGEMENT  Adopt storm water management and erosion control regulations for design and construction Priority Best Local Land Use Practices

balancedgrowth.ohio.gov 5. STREAM AND WETLAND SETBACKS Adopt stream and wetland setback zoning regulations Priority Best Local Land Use Practices

balancedgrowth.ohio.gov Stream setback in a conservation development

Best Local Land Use Practices Case Study Project Developed by CDM, Inc. Under the Direction of Ohio Lake Erie Commission and Cleveland State University

Project Description u Develop case studies: land development implications of implementing Best Local Land Use Practices u Engage stakeholders in land development in identifying key opportunities and barriers u Use case studies in training workshops Project Process u Focus group 1: identify barriers/opportunities (developers, SWCD, planners, engineers) u Identify issues, case study site u Draft solutions u Focus group 2: review issues/solutions u Prepare workshops

Issues u Regulatory – conflicting processes, delays, inconsistent review, overlapping regulations, requirement of duplication u Perception of impact on site developability u Public perception of density, water on site u Late integration of BMPs into design process u Lack of education on BMPs and their effectiveness u Perception of increased cost u Perception of increased maintenance

Solutions u Improved design process: triple bottom line u Improved design process: quantity emphasis u Improved design process: early site planning u Exploration of stream work possibilities u Mythbusters research u Cost analyses - comparisons

Project Objectives u Resolve real and perceived barriers to acceptance of best practices by: u Developers u Local Governments u Buyers / tenants u Illustrate how properly-applied best practices can reduce costs and enhance property values u Provide adequate detail to support cost- effective implementation u Be repeatable for on-going education

Runoff Conveyance / Diversion Storage Detention Retention Treatment Physical Chemical Biological Peak Attenuation Discharge Infiltration Evapotranspiration Pollutants (to Disposal) Control Systems What are Best Practices? Runoff Source Control Precipitation Pollutant Source Control Impervious Infiltration Evapotranspiration Pervious Source Controls Preservation Restoration Resource Protection

“Mythbusters” Factsheet u Objective: u Question commonly accepted development procedures u Present documented support of alternative development procedures u Factsheet Contents u 6 different common development storm water control practice areas u Myths/facts for each

Decision Making Process for Site Planning in the Lake Erie Basin Guiding Principles: u Design to established project objectives u Integrate existing water and terrestrial resources into site design u Fix “dysfunctional” streams u Focus on controlling the flow – pollution control will follow –“Start at the Source” to manage runoff –Control all runoff per site conditions: infiltrate & evapotranspirate & detain u Use “Triple bottom line” approach to identify multi-objective benefits: community & environment & financial

Detention

Designing to Project Objectives Financial Viability u Property value u Construction costs u Marketability u Sustainability u Maintenance Environmental Values u Quantity (Volume) discharges u Quality (Pollutant) discharges u Aquatic Habitat u Terrestrial Habitat u Regulations Community Values u Health u Safety u Welfare u Aesthetics

A. Confirm Project Objectives B. Provide Site- Specific Details C. Establish Weights per Perceived Importance

Step 2a: ID Water Resources and Drainage Patterns u Primary Conservation Areas u Regulated Waterbodies (Streams, Lakes, Wetlands) u Riparian areas (floodplains, floodways, stream meandering) u Soils suited for infiltration (groundwater recharge zones) u Mature trees u Primary Development Areas u Proximity to existing development (roads, utilities) u Areas requiring minimal clearing, grading

Step 2b: Define Characteristics of Water Resource and its Watershed u Flood Frequency u 100-year floodplain u 100-year floodway u Stream Meandering u Streamway u Water Quality / Hydrologic Control u Bank-full Channel u Floodprone Areas u Watershed Characteristics u Soils u Vegetation u Terrain u Imperviousness

Salt Creek Vinton County, Ohio Channels Move

Streamway (W SW ) : Accommodates Meandering (Approximately 10xW BF ) The streamway defines the zone for natural meander migration Existing 100-Year Event 100-year Floodplain W BF

Maintaining the hydrologic function of a stream requires an understanding of the frequency of floodplain inundation 100-year Floodplain Year Event D BF 1.5*D BF 2*D BF Bank Full Channel W BF W 1.5-BF W 2-BF 100-year Floodway

Maintaining the hydrologic function of a stream requires an understanding of the frequency of floodplain inundation D BF 1.5*D BF 2*D BF Bank Full Channel W BF A 1.5-BF A BF W 1.5-BF A 2-BF W 2-BF A SF Streamway: W SW = Approximately 10xW BF

Stream corridor protection zones should be designated to provide specific benefits Stream Corridor Protection Considerations Floodprone area for water quality protection Streamway for meandering 100-year floodway 100-year floodplain Bankfull stream

Step 2c: Define appropriate stream corridor zones and allowable uses u Protection Goals by Stream Type u Appropriate Dimensions (from Step 2b) u Allowable Facilities / Activities

Best Local Land Use Practices to Illustrate through Case Studies u Imperviousness control (e.g., reduce, disconnect, permeable materials, minimize disturbance, keep vegetation) u Vegetated filter strips and swales u Infiltration practices (e.g., rain gardens, trenches, dry wells) u Filters / underdrains (bioretention, soil amendments, sand, other) u Basins (wet, dry, wetland, vaults) u Stream, floodplain, and wetland enhancements / setbacks u Integrated Combinations of Practices Source Controls Control Systems Resource Protection Integration

Bruns Ave. Elementary School Wetland and BMP Demonstration Project; Charlotte, NC Opportunities and Barriers : Integrated Water Quality / Quantity Control Control Systems for Sites/Regions

CentralizedApproach Rain Barrel Green Roof Rain Garden Pocket Park Bioretention

Rain Barrel/Cistern Green Roof Rain Garden Pocket Park Bioretention DecentralizedApproach

Semi-DecentralizedApproach Rain Barrel Green Roof Rain Garden Pocket Park Bioretention

Infiltration Basin

Combination Filter / Infiltrator

Extended Dry Detention Basin

Infiltration & Filter & Detention in a Single Facility

Permeable Pavement

Permeable Pavement with Infiltration and Detention

STEP 4: RE-ASSESS TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE

Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation

Cost Tables – Conventional Design

Cost Tables – Low Impact Design

balancedgrowth.ohio.gov One Maritime Plaza Fourth Floor Toledo, Ohio Chris Riddle Environmental Specialist

balancedgrowth.ohio.gov Questions? Kirby Date, AICP Tel