Welcome! The Topic For Today Is…

Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function Cell TheoryCell OrganellesCell MembranePassive Transport Active Transport Bonus Question: 2000 pts

Topic 1: 200 Question: What is an organelle? (what does the word mean and what do they do?) Answer “little organ” structures specialized to perform distinct processes in the cell

Topic 1: 400 Question: This scientist was the first to identify cells and name them Answer Robert Hooke

Topic 1: 600 Question: Name two differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes Answer Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles, prokaryotes do not Prokaryotes are singled celled organisms like bacteria whereas Eukaryotes may be unicellular or multicellular

Topic 1: 800 Question: This scientist made special lenses that made it possible to view cells in greater detail Answer Leeuwenhoek

Topic 1: 1000 Question: Name the 3 major principles of cell theory Answer All organisms are made of cells All existing cells are produced by other living things Cells are the most basic unit of life

Topic 2: 200 Question: What is the function of the nucleus? Answer Storehouse of genetic information Control center

Topic 2: 400 Question: What is the difference between a vesicle and a vacuole? Answer Vesicles transport materials in the cell Vacuoles store materials

Topic 2: 600 Question: Name and describe the function:

Topic 2: 800 Question: 1. The job of this organelle is to breakdown waste products 2. What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton? Answer Lysosome Structure, support. Actin, intermediate, microtubules

Topic 2: 1000 Question: List and describe the function of the organelles that are only found in plant cells Answer Central vacuole- mostly water storage Cell wall- structural support Chloroplast- absorbs light for photosynthesis (food for cell)

Topic 3: 200 Question: What is the function of the cell membrane? How do we describe it (in terms of what sort of things can cross it)? Answer Boundary between the inside of the cell and outside environment Selectively permeable

Topic 3: 400 Question: What is meant by fluid mosaic model? Answer Cell membrane is flexible Cell membrane is composed of many parts like the phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins and carbohydrates

Topic 3: 600 Question: what are receptors? ligands? where may receptors be found? Answer A protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response Ligands are molecules that bind to unique receptors Intracellularly or membrane bound

Topic 3: 800 Question: What causes the phospholipids to form a bilayer? Answer Hydrophobic fatty acid tails orient away from water while hydrophilic heads orient towards water forming the characteristic bilayer

Topic 3: 1000 Question: Send someone to the board to draw a fully labeled phospholipid Answer Polar head composed of glycerol and phosphate group 2 nonpolar fatty acid chains

Topic 4: 200 Question: What is passive transport? What are two types of passive transport and how are they different? Answer Movement of molecules across the membrane without energy input form cell Diffusion and osmosis (diffusion of water specifically)

Topic 4: 400 Question: What is meant by concentration gradient? Which way do molecules diffuse across the gradient? Answer difference in concentration of a substance from one location to another Diffusion occurs from areas of high concentration to low

Topic 4: 600 Question: What is facilitat ed diffusion? Does it allow molecules to move against the concentration gradient? Answer Diffusion of molecules across the membrane through transport proteins. No- movement still occurs down the gradient from high to low. No energy.

Topic 4: 800 Question: What are two factors that may affect whether or not a molecule can diffuse across a cell membrane? Answer Molecule size Polarity Concentration inside and outside cell (concentration gradient)

Topic 4: 1000 Question: If you were to place a cell in a solution that has a higher solute concentration than the inside of the cell, what word would you use to describe the solution? Which way would solutes diffuse (into or out of the cell)? Which way would water diffuse (into or out of the cell)? Answer Hypertonic, solutes diffuse in, water diffuses out

Topic 5: 200 Question: What is active transport? How do molecules move along the concentration gradient? Answer Molecules being driven across the membrane from a region of lower concentration to higher concentration. Requires energy.

Topic 5: 400 Question: What organelle is involved with transporting materials that may eventually leave the cell through exocytosis? Answer vesicle

Topic 5: 600 Question: What are two ways of getting materials in and out of the cell that require energy? Answer Vesicles Transport proteins

Topic 5: 800 Question: 1. The cell gets energy for the process of active transport by breaking down what molecule? 2. What is phagocytosis? How does it play an important role in our bodies? Answer Adenosine triphosphate ATP “cell eating” type of endocytosis where membrane engulfs large particles.

Topic 5: 1000 Question: In what ways are active transport proteins similar to enzymes? Answer Both are proteins Both bind a specific set of molecules Both undergo conformational changes

Bonus Question: 2000 pts. Question: Throwback question! Name the 4 unifying themes of biology Answer … Systems of related parts Structure and function are related All organisms must maintain homeostasis Evolution explains unity and diversity