Prohibition & Fundamentalism America in the 1920’s

Words to know: Prohibition (18 th Amendment) – Banning the sale, manufacturing, and transportation of alcoholProhibition (18 th Amendment) – Banning the sale, manufacturing, and transportation of alcohol Anti-Saloon League – Group of prohibitionists who helped ban alcohol by asking its members to vote only for candidates that would ban alcohol.Anti-Saloon League – Group of prohibitionists who helped ban alcohol by asking its members to vote only for candidates that would ban alcohol. Bootleggers – Smugglers who brought in alcohol from other countries (smuggled in their boot)Bootleggers – Smugglers who brought in alcohol from other countries (smuggled in their boot) Speakeasies – Secret illegal clubs that served alcoholSpeakeasies – Secret illegal clubs that served alcohol

Bell Ringer In what ways does alcohol hurt a society? In what ways can it benefit a society?In what ways does alcohol hurt a society? In what ways can it benefit a society?

Influence of alcohol on society: tion/watch-video/#id= tion/watch-video/#id= tion/watch-video/#id= tion/watch-video/#id=

Rights vs. Right: The movement to ban alcohol became a debate between what is the right thing to do and what is a person’s right to do. Rural areas: Favored prohibition Urban areas: Against prohibition on/watch-video/#id= on/watch-video/#id= The movement to ban alcohol became a debate between what is the right thing to do and what is a person’s right to do. Rural areas: Favored prohibition Urban areas: Against prohibition on/watch-video/#id= on/watch-video/#id=

The Anti- Saloon league -Influential organization that opposed the use of Alcohol -- Asked its members to vote only for candidates who would ban alcohol -- Would help to get the 18 th Amendment passed -Influential organization that opposed the use of Alcohol -- Asked its members to vote only for candidates who would ban alcohol -- Would help to get the 18 th Amendment passed

What does the Eighteenth Amendment State? Forbade the “manufacture, sale, or transportation” of alcoholic beverages in the United States Ratified on January 16, 1919 Took effect on January 17, 1920

How Was the 18 th Amendment Enforced? Volstead Act

The Volstead Act set federal punishments for the manufacture and sale of Alcohol

What happens now? Although alcohol was illegal, people still wanted to drink it Although alcohol was illegal, people still wanted to drink it So… So… They found a way They found a way How? How? 1.Bootleggers 2.Speakeasies

Bootleggers Smugglers who brought liquor into the United States from other countries, such as Canada and Mexico Smugglers who brought liquor into the United States from other countries, such as Canada and Mexico Usually smuggled in boats Usually smuggled in boats Named because they would often hide alcohol bottles in their boots Named because they would often hide alcohol bottles in their boots Smugglers who brought liquor into the United States from other countries, such as Canada and Mexico Smugglers who brought liquor into the United States from other countries, such as Canada and Mexico Usually smuggled in boats Usually smuggled in boats Named because they would often hide alcohol bottles in their boots Named because they would often hide alcohol bottles in their boots

Speakeasies Secret illegal clubs that served alcohol

The name speakeasy came from the need for customers to keep quiet about the location of the clubs But they were often supplied alcohol by gangsters like Al Capone

What was a consequence of the 18 th Amendment and the Volstead Act? Together they turned everyday citizens into criminals.

The Rise of the “ Original Gangster”

Al Capone Schooling -Al Capone found school “a place of constant discipline relieved by sudden outbreaks of violence...“ -Al did quite well in school until the sixth grade when his steady record of B's deteriorated rapidly. - At fourteen, he lost his temper at the teacher, she hit him and he hit her back. He was expelled and never went to school again. -Al Capone found school “a place of constant discipline relieved by sudden outbreaks of violence...“ -Al did quite well in school until the sixth grade when his steady record of B's deteriorated rapidly. - At fourteen, he lost his temper at the teacher, she hit him and he hit her back. He was expelled and never went to school again.

“ScarFace” * Capone would befriend Crime boss Johnny Torrio and bouncing/bartending at The Harvard Inn in New York City * Capone would befriend Crime boss Johnny Torrio and began bouncing/bartending at The Harvard Inn in New York City * Capone insulted a patron and angered the man with her. (He pulled out a knife and cut Capone’s face) * Capone would befriend Crime boss Johnny Torrio and bouncing/bartending at The Harvard Inn in New York City * Capone would befriend Crime boss Johnny Torrio and began bouncing/bartending at The Harvard Inn in New York City * Capone insulted a patron and angered the man with her. (He pulled out a knife and cut Capone’s face)

Move to Chicago… At the age of 22, Capone came into being business partners with Torrio in Chicago and ran the Four Deuces (a speakeasy, gambling joint, and brothel) As violence erupted between Torrio/Capone’s “Chicago outfit” and the Irish North Side Gang, Torrio would leave for Europe in 1925 and give total control to Capone. At the age of 22, Capone came into being business partners with Torrio in Chicago and ran the Four Deuces (a speakeasy, gambling joint, and brothel) As violence erupted between Torrio/Capone’s “Chicago outfit” and the Irish North Side Gang, Torrio would leave for Europe in 1925 and give total control to Capone.

The Feud Continues… North Side gang leader George “Bugs” Moran attempted to kill Capone and his men in Sept (they fired shots at Capone while he was sitting in his hotel lobby). Capone waited 3 years to retaliate… North Side gang leader George “Bugs” Moran attempted to kill Capone and his men in Sept (they fired shots at Capone while he was sitting in his hotel lobby). Capone waited 3 years to retaliate…

St. Valentine’s Day Massacre Valentines Day – February 14, 1929Valentines Day – February 14, 1929 Rival between Al Capone and Bugs MoranRival between Al Capone and Bugs Moran Capone – South Side Italian gangCapone – South Side Italian gang Moran – North Side Irish gangMoran – North Side Irish gang Bloody murder of 7 of Moran’s men.Bloody murder of 7 of Moran’s men /

Capone could never been officially connected to any violent crime in all the years within the mobCapone could never been officially connected to any violent crime in all the years within the mob In 1931 Capone was indicted for income tax evasion and various violations of the Volstead Act (Prohibition). His attorneys made a plea deal, but the presiding judge warned he might not follow the sentencing recommendation from the prosecution. Capone withdrew his plea of guilty.In 1931 Capone was indicted for income tax evasion and various violations of the Volstead Act (Prohibition). His attorneys made a plea deal, but the presiding judge warned he might not follow the sentencing recommendation from the prosecution. Capone withdrew his plea of guilty. Capone’s Arrest

GUILTY October 17, 1931, after 9 hours of discussion, the jury found Capone guilty of some counts but not all counts of tax evasion.October 17, 1931, after 9 hours of discussion, the jury found Capone guilty of some counts but not all counts of tax evasion. The judge sentenced Capone to 11 years, $50,000 in fines and court costs of another $30,000.The judge sentenced Capone to 11 years, $50,000 in fines and court costs of another $30,000.

Alcatraz Prison

Alcohol wasn’t the only issue at the time FundamentalistsFundamentalists In FUNDAMENTALISM, the bible is literally true and considered an indisputable authorityIn FUNDAMENTALISM, the bible is literally true and considered an indisputable authority ModernistsModernists In MODERNISM, the bible was divinely inspired but not literally trueIn MODERNISM, the bible was divinely inspired but not literally true Although prohibition brought Protestant groups together, other issues divided the group into two:

Fundamentalists Movements name came from The Fundamentals, a series of pamphlets explaining conservative Protestant beliefsMovements name came from The Fundamentals, a series of pamphlets explaining conservative Protestant beliefs Many were attracted because they did not trust modern industry and scienceMany were attracted because they did not trust modern industry and science Revival meetings & Radio sermonsRevival meetings & Radio sermons SupportersSupporters Billy “The Evangelist” Sunday – Baseball Player  PreacherBilly “The Evangelist” Sunday – Baseball Player  Preacher Aimee Semple McPherson – Canadian-Born PreacherAimee Semple McPherson – Canadian-Born Preacher

Fundamentalism Vs. Science Why did these groups clash?

Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Evolution – The process of gradual change in the gene pool over an extended period of timeEvolution – The process of gradual change in the gene pool over an extended period of time Darwin argued that humans evolved from simpler life forms over millions of yearsDarwin argued that humans evolved from simpler life forms over millions of years Fundamentalist did not like this because….Fundamentalist did not like this because…. Theory went against the literal interpretation of the biblical account of creationism.Theory went against the literal interpretation of the biblical account of creationism.

Scopes Trial Tennessee made it illegal to teach evolution 2.ACLU believed this was unconstitutional, offered to defend any challengers 3.John Scopes, a High School Biology Teacher, accepted the challenge 4.He was arrested and put to trial

Scopes Trial Support was split between Scopes and the FundamentalistsSupport was split between Scopes and the Fundamentalists Clarence Darrow led the defenseClarence Darrow led the defense William Jennings Bryan led the prosecutionWilliam Jennings Bryan led the prosecution More than 100 reporters flooded Dayton, TennesseeMore than 100 reporters flooded Dayton, Tennessee Town became a “zoo”Town became a “zoo”

The verdict John Scopes was found…John Scopes was found… GUILTYGUILTY Fined $100Fined $100 Tennessee Supreme Court overturned the decision in 1927 but….Tennessee Supreme Court overturned the decision in 1927 but…. The law against teaching evolution stayed in placeThe law against teaching evolution stayed in place

What does the caption suggest?

What issues do religious groups Feel Strongly about today? 1.Abortion 2. Contraception 3.Same-Sex Marriage