* Phillip is a smart and strategic King and military commander * Organized troops and trained them well * Built strong Calvary as well * With Greece weakened and motivated King Phillip confident in his army  he invades Greece (338 BCE) * Greek city-states defeated * Lose independence * Retain self-government in local affairs but reported to King Phillip * Think town government vs. federal government

* 336 BCE- at his daughter’s wedding, Phillip is stabbed by a former guardsman * His son, Alexander, immediately declares himself king (he was only 20!)

* Alexander is just as good a commander as his dad * Proves himself on the city of Thebes * Rebelled against Macedonian control, Alexander immediately put them down * Killed 6,000 Thebans and sold the rest into slavery * Scared any other city-states from rebelling * Goes after Persia (334 BCE) * Leads 35,000 men into Persian territory * Strategy, strength, and training helps Alexander’s men to defeat Persian army * Emperor Darius III of Persia is scared and offers Alexander all of his land west of the Euphrates  Alex says No thanks, buddy

* Conquers Egypt in 332 BCE * Conquers Mesopotamia next * Moves further east and conquers Persian capital of Persepolis * Wants MORE! * By 326 BCE, had reached Indus River Valley and conquered everything in between

* Hellenic refers to Classical Greek culture (so think Golden Age of Athens- from 480 BCE to about 405 BCE) * Idealism over realism * “dream man” over average man * Attempts to portray humans at their very best (strong, confident) * God like

* Art in classical Greece was restrained  sense of balance, calmness, and order * Lack of emotion * All about poise and dignity

* Greek culture (Hellenic) with more influences thrown in (the “ish) * Cultural Diffusion among Alexander’s massive empire blends Greek culture with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures * Alexandria- an economic and cultural center of Alexander’s empire

* Alexandria= link between the Mediterranean and Asia * Meeting point of these cultures

What time period does Classical Greek Art refer to?? Hellenistic refers to the time from Alexander’s death until the time when his empire is conquered by the Romans (323 BCE to 146 BCE)

* Realism over Idealism * Emotion and individuality * Personal uses vs. for “glorifying” the city * Less common values or themes, like in classical art, and more about an artist’s individual style

* NOT the ideal * More about portraying how ordinary and average people look * Emphasis on Emotion How is this different from Classical Greek Art?

* Individual patrons (or people that pay for art) * How is this different from Classical Greek Art? Art to decorate homes, gardens, and glorify gods NOT sponsored by the government or for the city as a whole Individual values and needs over universal values and needs (like glorifying Athens, showing balance, order, perfection)

* Realism * Horse is in very realistic motion * Details on both the horses muscles and boy’s features * Emotion * Boy seems excited, a little frightened * Wearing his emotions as compared to the Charioteer’s controlled emotions

* Realism * detailed  muscles, hair * Not idealized  this man is dying * He is vulnerable, weak * Compare this to the Riace Warrior…totally different ball game * Emotion * Face shows pain, weakness, sorrow * Certainly not poised, dignified, or confident * Might be how you look if you were actually slowly dying….

* Realism * So incredibly detailed * NOT IDEAL * Wrinkles, painful facial expression * Social Realism * Emphasis on the everyday or un-extraordinary * Shows a different side of society * Compare this to Classical Greek Art

* 1. Color * 2. Facial Expressions * Not calm, cool, or collected * “realistic” depiction of a battle * 3. Location- mosaic in a private residence * Artist made this for a wealthy individual, to be put on display in their home * To glorify?