Urban Sustainable Development Cases KARACHI TANZANIA Adrià Bonell - GEO 302

KARACHI Pakistan's major metropolis – Commercial capital – 11 million inhabitants – 8% of country's total population – 4.8% of annual growth rate

Legal Housing Development System Too ambitious goverment regulations Large plot sizes and rights-of-way, high standards (materials and infraestructure) Delays in extending trunk infrastructure Lack of appropiate roads, piped water and sewerage Impossibility to obtain mortgage financing For low- and and middle-income households HIGH PRICES LOW PURCHASE CAPACITY

KATCHI ABADIS The unplanned settlements created by the informal sector in order to overcome goverment's inability to supply cheap housing 1/2 the city's people are living in them Double city's average growth rate (9%)

Katchi Abadis - Problems Insecurity of property Informal sector lacks technical capacity Illegal dumping of wastes and inadequate sewage treatment Not incentive to invest in infrastructure Low quality facilities => Natural disasters risk Dangerous health conditions => Epidemics

Recommended Changes (i) Goverment has to recognize the Katchi Abadis as a reality (not a temporary situation) Incorporate existing informal-built facilities into the overall housing planning Nurture goverment-communities trust Promote positive interactions to find out actual residents' needs Rationalize overlaping responsabilities (city,state and federal agencies) to strenghten accountability

Recommended Changes (ii) Decrease regualtory housing requirements Housing must meet public health and safety conditions, but not be so elaborate that it raises unecessarily the price of housing. The public sector should limit its activity to areas in which has a comparative advantage Improve property rights adjudication and registration Provide the necessary trunk infrastructure Allow low-income residents to apply for credit collectively

TANZANIA Cultivating Rural-Urban Linkages

The Region: SUB-SAHARA The weakest overall growth of all the developing regions Increasingly marginalised in the global economy The world's heaviest debt burden

TANZANIA The 6 main cities generate 30% of GDP 75% of all Tanzanians live in rural areas Agriculture accounts for over 50% of GDP

It Is Necessary to Increase Rural Productivity  Demand for manufactured products  Industrialisation  Incomes  Technology level  Rural productivity  Economic wealth … and Market Access

City-Rural Linkages Can Help Enable access of agricultural products to city markets  PRODUCTIVITY:  MARKET ACCESS: Acquire new technical knowledge Build channels to bring this new technology to the rural economy

Acquire new technical knowledge Improve education and research services To be informed about new technology advances Promote a secure and open business environment ( i.e. macroeconomic stability, liberalization, effective legal rules )  ATTRACT Foreign investors with access to better equipment, inputs and technology. Reverse migration with knowledge and capital earned abroad

Bring the new technology to the rural economy Create technology diffusion services Private businesses, government research institutes and media Features Directed to the most innovative groups Avoid too specialized, top down management Client driven and customized to particular needs of each group

Enable access to city markets Establish support networks that create trusting relationshps between city businesses and rural producers Formal legal and insurance contracts Ties of ethnicity, religion and kinship (e.g. Muslim and Asian communities) Only 30% of agricultural output is currently marketed Build new infrastructure Strengthen the road system

Thank you ! Questions ? Adrià Bonell - GEO 302