Standard Describe the collaboration on legal strategy between African-America and white Civil Rights lawyers to end racial segregation in higher education. Essential Question: Why did it take so long for justice to be served in the case of Medger Evers murder?

Sit-In Movement, black students sat –Greensboro, NC –Woolworth’s Refused to leave –followed passive resistance of Dr. King –spread all across the country

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) A grass roots organization Focus was non-violent protest –letters to newspapers, sit-ins, etc.

Freedom Riders, 1960 whites and blacks tried to force desegregation on public buses Buses were torched and attacked JFK sent US Marshals to ride buses –interstate bus travel was protected by federal law

Oxford Town-Bob Dylan Oxford Town, Oxford Town Ev’rybody’s got their heads bowed down The sun don’t shine above the ground Ain’t a-goin’ down to Oxford Town He went down to Oxford Town Guns and clubs followed him down All because his face was brown Better get away from Oxford Town Oxford Town around the bend He come in to the door, he couldn’t get in All because of the color of his skin What do you think about that, my frien’? Me and my gal, my gal’s son We got met with a tear gas bomb I don’t even know why we come Goin’ back where we come from Oxford Town in the afternoon Ev’rybody singin’ a sorrowful tune Two men died ’neath the Mississippi moon Somebody better investigate soon Oxford Town, Oxford Town Ev’rybody’s got their heads bowed down The sun don’t shine above the ground Ain’t a-goin’ down to Oxford Town

University of Mississippi, 1962 James Meredith had to have a federal escort to attend Ole Miss –Gov. Ross Barnett refused to allow his enrollment 2 dead and 166 injured

A Pawn in Their Game-Bob Dylan A bullet from the back of a bush took Medgar Evers’ blood A finger fired the trigger to his name A handle hid out in the dark A hand set the spark Two eyes took the aim Behind a man’s brain But he can’t be blamed He’s only a pawn in their game A South politician preaches to the poor white man “You got more than the blacks, don’t complain. You’re better than them, you been born with white skin,” they explain. And the Negro’s name Is used it is plain For the politician’s gain As he rises to fame And the poor white remains On the caboose of the train But it ain’t him to blame He’s only a pawn in their game The deputy sheriffs, the soldiers, the governors get paid And the marshals and cops get the same But the poor white man’s used in the hands of them all like a tool He’s taught in his school From the start by the rule That the laws are with him To protect his white skin To keep up his hate So he never thinks straight ’Bout the shape that he’s in But it ain’t him to blame He’s only a pawn in their game From the poverty shacks, he looks from the cracks to the tracks And the hoofbeats pound in his brain And he’s taught how to walk in a pack Shoot in the back With his fist in a clinch To hang and to lynch To hide ’neath the hood To kill with no pain Like a dog on a chain He ain’t got no name But it ain’t him to blame He’s only a pawn in their game. Today, Medgar Evers was buried from the bullet he caught They lowered him down as a king But when the shadowy sun sets on the one That fired the gun He’ll see by his grave On the stone that remains Carved next to his name His epitaph plain: Only a pawn in their game

Medgar Evers Activist who led boycotts against racist white merchants in Mississippi –investigated Emmett Till’s death –helped get James Meredith into Ole Miss Assassinated just hours after JFK’s civil rights address

Civil Rights Speech, 1963 “If an American, because his skin is dark, cannot eat lunch in a restaurant open to the public; if he cannot send his children to the best public school available; if he cannot vote for the public officials who represent him; if in short, he cannot enjoy the full and free life which all of us want, then who among us would be content to have the color of his skin changed and stand in his place?” —John F. Kennedy, 1963

King is Arrested King went on voter registration drive –Gov. George Wallace “segregation today, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever” Attack dogs, cattle-prods, high-pressure water hoses were used to stop the march King was arrested TV and newspaper coverage

“Letter from Birmingham Jail”, 1963 We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed. "An unjust law is no law at all.“ Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever.

March on Washington, 1963 King led 200,000 demonstrators to the steps of the Lincoln Memorial –100 th anniversary of the Gettysburg address Goal: to pressure on Congress to pass the legislation that JFK promised

“I Have a Dream Speech” 1963 I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

16 th Street Church Bombing, 1963 A bomb killed four young girls at their church in Birmingham, AL –Denise McNair, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Robertson and Addie Mae Collins FBI withheld information at the time of the murders NO convictions –Robert Chambliss convicted in 1978, died in prison in 1985 –Thomas Blanton, Jr. convicted in 2001 –Bobby Cherry convicted in 2002, died in prison in 2004 Bragged to his friends about his involvement –Herman Cash died in 1994

Civil Rights Act of 1964 JFK died in November 1963 LBJ pushed for the law Banned discrimination in most public facilities –hospitals, schools, theaters, restaurants –gave federal government authority to make schools follow the law Equal Employment Opportunity Commission –eliminated discrimination in hiring

Remember the Titans Prompt 1 Pager Prompt: Compare/Contrast the movie Titans with your fellow Titans. In your own opinion do you think Martin Luther King’s Dream has been achieved? Provide examples from the movie and your real life to strengthen your arguments.

Study Guide Questions 16-20