VERTEBRATES (CORDATES): (1 phylum) THE ANIMAL KINGDOM BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS: 1. 2. 3. NINE ANIMAL PHYLA INVERTEBRATES: VERTEBRATES (CORDATES): (1 phylum) MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS CAPABILITY OF LOCOMOTION MUST INJEST FOOD (8 PHYLA) ALL LACK INTERNAL SKELETON, SOME HAVE EXOSKELTON OR SHELL INTERNAL SKELETON MADE OF BONE/ CARTILAGE

1. PORIFERA: SIMPLEST ANIMALS NO TISSUE LAYERS EXAMPLES: SPONGES

2. CNIDARIA HOLLOW BODY HAVE STINGING CELLS TWO BODY FORMS MEDUSA & POLYP EXAMPLES: CORAL, JELLYFISH, SEA ANEMONE

3. PLATYHELMINTHES: UNSEGMENTED WORMS FLAT WORMS EXAMPLES: PLANARIA, FLUKE, TAPEWORM UNSEGMENTED WORMS FLAT WORMS

4. NEMATODA UNSEGMENTED WORMS ROUND WORMS EXAMPLES: HOOKWORMS, HEARTWORMS

5. ANNELIDA SEGMENTED WORMS MOST ADVANCED WORMS EXAMPLES: LEECH, EARTHWORMS

6. ARTHROPODA SEGMENTED ANIMALS EXOSKELETONS MADE OF CHITIN CLASS CRUSTACEAN - MARINE ORGANISMS EXAMPLES: SHRIMP, LOBSTER, CRAB, BARNACLE

7. MOLLUSCA SOME HAVE SHELL UNSEGMENTED, SOFT BODIES EXAMPLES: SNAIL, SCALLOP

8. ECHINODERMATA HAVE A DERMAL SKELETON WITH SPINES & PLATES ONLY LIVE IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT EXAMPLES: SEA URCHIN, SEASTAR, BRITTLE STAR

9. CHORDATA EXAMPLES: FISH, REPTILES, BIRDS, AMPHIBIANS, MAMMALS HAVE INTERNAL SKELETON BACKBONE TO PROTECT SPINAL CORD

Features Defining Characteristics Symmetry Level of complexity Brain What makes that phylum special? Symmetry Bilateral, radial, or none Level of complexity Based on the Hierarchy of Biological Order Brain Brain or neural systems possessed by the phyla

Features Circulatory System Diet / Digestive Respiration Movement How does “stuff” move around the body? Diet / Digestive How does it eat and digest food? Respiration Does it breathe? Movement Does it have feet? A tail? Is it stationary?

Porifera Defining characteristics: Symmetry: Complexity Brain Porous, aquatic, basic creatures Symmetry: Usually none Complexity No tissues – collections of cells Brain None.

Porifera Circulatory Diet Respiration Movement None. Filter feeder Takes bits of nutrition from the water it absorbs Respiration No major system. Gaseous exchange through cell membranes. Movement Mostly stationary, or reliant on water

Examples

Cnidaria Defining characteristics: Symmetry: Complexity Brain Aquatic creatures with stinging cells and two body types (medusa and polyp) Symmetry: Radial Complexity Two simple tissue layers Brain Nervous system that controls basic movement and digestion

Cnidaria Circulatory Diet Respiration Movement Open system Fluid is left to swirl around the innards Diet Predator Eats and excretes through the same center opening Most basic creature with a digestive gut Respiration Internal cavity also used for gas exchange Movement Use tentacle waves to move

Examples

Echinodermata and Mollusca

Arthropoda Defining characteristics: Symmetry: Complexity Brain Exoskeleton, jointed limbs, segmented bodies Largest Phylum by diversity Symmetry: Bilateral Complexity Segmented bodies with organ systems Brain Full brains with nerve cords

Arthropoda Circulatory Diet Respiration Movement Open system Fluid is left to swirl around the innards Diet Predator Full digestive system Respiration “Book lungs” or gills Movement Have jointed appendages for movement

Examples

Annelida Defining characteristics: Symmetry: Complexity Brain Fully segmented body Means that every segment is (nearly) identical to the one before or after Symmetry: Bilateral / Segments Complexity Segmented bodies with organ systems Brain Small “control centers” with nerves

Annelida Circulatory Diet Respiration Movement Blood vessels with (occasionally) multiple hearts Diet Omnivores or detritivores Respiration Gills or breathe through skin Movement Some have feet, others extend and contract their body/muscles

Examples

Chordates Pick a subphyla: Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Write three sentences about what sets your subphyla apart from the others. What is special about yours? Is it more or less advanced than the others?

Platyhelminthes Defining characteristics: Symmetry: Complexity Brain Mostly flattened, with no body cavity, and are usually parasitic Symmetry: Bilateral Complexity Very basic organ systems Brain No “brain” but a nerve cord that branches throughout the body

Platyhelminthes Circulatory Diet Respiration Movement None Predators that eat smaller organisms Mouth is used for eating and excreting Respiration No respiratory system. Movement Movement achieved by wiggling their body in aquatic environments

Examples

Nematoda Defining characteristics: Symmetry: Complexity Brain 2nd most diverse by species Worm like, with a full body cavity and full digestive system Symmetry: Bilateral Complexity Organ systems Brain Circular ring of nerves for brain

Nematoda Circulatory Diet Respiration Movement None – Transfer by diffusion Diet Most basic phylum with a full digestive system Respiration “Breathes” through skin Movement Movement achieved by wiggling their body in aquatic environments

Examples