SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING OF TERRESTRIAL CLOUDS Alexander A. Kokhanovsky Institute of Remote Sensing, Bremen University P. O. Box 330440 Bremen, Germany.

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Presentation transcript:

SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING OF TERRESTRIAL CLOUDS Alexander A. Kokhanovsky Institute of Remote Sensing, Bremen University P. O. Box Bremen, Germany

Hot issues in cloud research Optical properties of ice and mixed clouds Absorption of solar radiation by clouds Gas-aerosol-cloud interactions 3-D effects in clouds Clouds and climate

ENVISAT Start:

SCIAMACHY Instrument Characteristics: UV/Vis/NIR Spectrometer: nm Spectral resolution: 0.2 – 1.5 nm 8000 spectral points SCIAMACHY measures: –Reflected solar light (nadir –Reflected solar light (nadir) –Scattered solar light (limb) –Transmitted solar/moon light (occultation) –Solar Irradiance SCIAMACHY = SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY

PARAMETERS to be retrieved: Cloud optical thickness /5-100/ Cloud top height /0.5-10km/ Cloud cover /0-1/ Cloud albedo/ / Liquid water path / / Thermodynamic phase /ice, water or mixed clouds/ Average size of droplets/crystals

The retrieval techniques 1: The look-up-table approach

2: The semi-analytical approach

Optical characteristics of clouds Trishchenko and Liu, 2001 Number of cases Optical thickness ISCCP data Surface observations Kokhanovsky, 2003

The physics behind the semi-analytical approach SatelliteSun 1 2

The cloud optical thickness determination

The accuracy of the semi-analytical asymptotic theory

Image of Western Europe from Sea-viewing Wide Field of view Sensor 1-km spatial resolution

Retrieved cloud optical thickness distribution

Retrieved cloud albedo distribution

Frequency distribution: optical thickness

Frequency distribution:spherical albedo

Hurricane Erin, 1-17 September, 2001 Hurricane Erin grazes Bermuda September 9, 2001 Posted: 11:04 PM EDT (0304 GMT) A satellite photo of Hurricane Erin MIAMI, Florida (CNN) -- Hurricane Erin continued to gain strength Sunday but posed increasingly less threat to land as it strayed farther out in the Atlantic. The worst part of the storm, with maximum sustained winds of 195 km/h, passed to the northeast of Bermuda

Hurricane optical thickness distribution

Hurricane optical thickness distribution near its eye

Hurricane optical thickness distribution in the eye

Other applications spherical albedo wavelength, micrometers measurements approximation Experiment/sea foam/, Frouin et al., JGR, C, 2001 Experiment/Antarctic snow /, Grenfell et al., JGR, D,1994

Cloud top height determination from a satellite The geometry of the problem

Nadir observation, solar zenith angle – 20 degrees Cloud optical thickness –20. The accuracy of the forward model Cloud top height determination from a satellite

The accuracy of the forward model Cloud top height determination from a satellite

The physical principle behind the retrieval

Preliminary results ! Cloud geometrical thickness determination from a satellite

Table 1. Characteristics of selected space instruments, related to measurements of the backscattered light in the oxygen A-band ( ). InstrumentPlatformYearSpectral interval, Spectral resolution, Spatial resolution, km 2 GOMEERS *320 SCIAMACHYENVISAT *60 MERISENVISAT *0.3 or 1.1*1.1 GLIADEOS-II *0.25 and 1.0*1.0 POLDERADEOS-II *7.0

Typical SCIAMACHY spectra in the oxygen A-band Cloud top height determination from SCIAMACHY

Cloud top height determination from GOME data using oxygen A-band information as compared to ATSR-2 IR retrievals (ERS-2 satellite)

Conclusions Most of important cloud parameters can be retrieved using spectral top of atmosphere reflectance. Cases of inhomogeneous clouds can bias retrieval results considerably. This should be clarified in future research. The information on clouds obtained on a global and regional scale should enhance our studies of climate change, including anthropogenic influences on cloud microphysical and optical properties and

Clouds are important and

Hurricane Erin, Sept 9 th, 2001 Clouds are beautiful!

SCIAMACHY Limb profile With NLCs SCIAMACHY Limb profile without NLCs SCIAMACHY observes NLC

NLC Season 2002NLC Season 2002/2003 Global detection of NLC with SCIAMACHY

Noctilucent clouds Photos: Pekka Parviainen