Learning Objectives: 1.To understand that manufacturing industry can be categorised into 3 divisions 2.To classify characteristics of the 3 divisions of manufacturing industry

Types of Secondary (Manufacturing) Industry Secondary (manufacturing) industries make goods from raw material and/or assemble parts made by other companies. Manufacturing industry can be divided into 3 divisions: 1.Heavy 2.Light 3.High-tech

Heavy Industry Perform a variety of roles. For example, they may: Refine minerals such as crude oil, into many different products Smelt metals such as iron ore, into steel The works usually cover a large area of land; pollution from their chimneys may be obvious many kilometres away. They do not add to the scenic beauty of the landscape, but they are necessary because they provide the materials many light industries use for consumer goods.

Light and High-tech Industries They are combined under one heading – footloose industries. The term footloose refers to their greater freedom to choose a location compared with heavy industries. This freedom comes from having low raw material demands and the need only for small factories, which means that suitable sites are widely available Final products are high in value and low in weight, can be easily distributed by road. New factories have pleasant locations on the rural-urban fringe surrounded by green areas.

Heavy Light High-tech

1.Involved in the making of goods from raw materials 2.Large-scale industry 3.Small-scale industry 4.Make small products, mainly to be brought by individuals 5.Make high-value products using modern technology 6.Large factories/plants covering large areas of land 7.Small-scale factory units on industrial estates 8.Housed in small units on business parks 9.Heavy capital investment needed 10.Investment required for research and development 11.Only a limited amount of capital investment is required. 12.Make large products often brought by other manufacturing companies 13.Examples include steel, oil-refining, chemicals, engineering and ship building 14.Examples include electrical goods, clothing, food-processing and toys 15.Examples include computers, business systems, microprocessors and communications equipment 16.Produces high levels of pollution 17.Their appearance spoils the landscape 18.Also known as footloose industries 19.Majority of finished products are transported by road. 20.Locate on the rural-urban fringe.