Polar Communications & Weather (PCW) Mission Mike Manore, Louis Garand - Environment Canada Guennadi Kroupnik – Canadian Space Agency

Motivation for an Arctic Mission A rapidly changing environment rapidly diminishing ice cover, amplified climate change region of high meteorological and climate significance Growing need for operational information infrastructure increased marine and air traffic – civilian and military economic development, services, sovereignty for support to operations, safety, regulation, science A gap in global communications and observation systems lack of braodband satcom >75° sparse in-situ observing networks geostationary observing systems not suitable >55° Active region of space weather Other support for Canada’s Northern Strategy economic development environmental protection sovereignty

Polar Communications and Weather Mission - Objectives 1. Reliable communications and navigation services in the high latitudes (North of 70º) to ensure: - seamless 24/7 broadband, two-way connectivity - uninterrupted data (IP) transfer - interoperability with existing communications services 2. High temporal/spatial resolution meteorological data above 50º N in support of: ‒ nowcasting, Numerical Weather Prediction ‒ environmental monitoring, emergency response ‒ climate monitoring 3. Space Weather Monitoring Canadian-led mission with international partnerships Canadian Space Agency leadership

Payloads and Mission Primary Payloads (Core mission): –2-way High Data Rate communication Ka-band (4 beams) and X–band (1 beam) –Imaging Spectroradiometer (16-21 channels, km VIS, 2 km IR) –Space weather suite of instruments (tbd) Secondary Payloads (Enhanced mission) –Additional mass and power capacity may permit secondary payloads (under evaluation); e.g.; ‒ GNSS augmentation, Air Traffic Management ‒ Science instruments: Broadband radiometer, Aurora Imager, Atmospheric composition instrument (UV-NIR), Fourier Transform spectrometer (IR, similar to IASI) ‒ Technology demonstration: Software defined radio, V-band communications

Areas of Interest Meteorological Coverage Requirement (50ºN) Meteorological Coverage Goal (45ºN) Canadian Communications Coverage Requirement (may be expanded in enhanced mission)

Mission Overview Primary (Core) Mission 2 satellites in HEO orbit Molniya or other – tbd 2-way, 24/7 high data rate communication services up to 12 Mb/sec Ka-band + X-band GEO-like imagery N min refresh channels km VIS, 2 km IR Space-weather sensors tbd based on final orbit Secondary (Enhanced) Mission (tbd) GNSS augmentation Air Traffic Mgt Science instruments (at proposal stage) e.g., auroral imager, broadband radiometer, UV-NIR, FTS, …

Preliminary Spacecraft Concept Mass: up to 2000 kg Power: up to 4000 W Pointing Knowledge: 7.6 arcsec Pointing Control: 55.1 arcsec Ka + X-band telecom antennas Meteo instrument aperture

Preliminary Spacecraft Concept 8 Mass: up to 2039 kg Power: up to 2219 W

Preliminary Services Concept Ka-band downlink to gateway station 2-way telecom beams (4) (for Canadian area of interest) Imaging area for meteo instrument Animation

Band No. Wavelength (microns) HeritagePriori ty GSD (km) Goal Max Main applications ABI,FCI Surface, clouds, aerosols ABI, FCI Wind, clouds, ice mapping MERIS Water quality, chlorophyll ABI, FCI Wind, aerosols, vegetation – 1.06SGLI SW Snow grain and clouds ABI, FCI Cirrus detection ABI, FCI Snow-cloud distinction, ice cover ABI, FCI Aerosol, smoke, cloud phase ABI, FCI Fog, fire detection, ice/cloud separation, wind, phase ABI, FCI Wind, high level humidity ABI, MTSAT Wind, mid level humidity ABI, FCI Wind, low level humidity,SO ABI, FCI Total water, cloud phase ABI, FCI Total ozone ABI, FCI Cloud, surface, cirrus ABI, HIRS Cloud, SST, ash ABI, FCI Ash, SST ABI, FCI Cloud height MODIS,HIRS Cloud height, low level temperature MODIS,HIRS Cloud height, mid level temperature MODIS,HIRS Cloud height, high level temperature Imager Channel Characteristics (URD V6) NEW: Priority GOAL/MAX GSD Band 3 ABI and FCI both Cover Priority 1

Baseline List of PCW Meteo Products (URD V5) CATEGORYPRODUCT Imagery Level 1C imagery Level 2 imagery Priority 1 - Near Real Time Level 2 products derived from Level 1C AMV: Atmospheric Motion Vectors Cloud mask Clear sky radiances Cloud height, amount, emissivity, temperature Volcanic ash height (optical depth) Fog and surface visibility Forest fires. Hot spots CATEGORYPRODUCT Priority 2 - Level 2/3 Elaborated at EC- Dorval Snow/ice mapping (cover and depth) SST: sea surface temperature LST: land surface temperature Surface albedo Aerosol optical depth Atmospheric stability index Aircraft icing threat Total ozone CATEGORYPRODUCT Priority 2 - Level 3 climate essential variables – Elaborated at CCRS NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index FPAR LAI: Leaf Area Index Radiative fluxes Land surface emissivity

12 Overview of PCW Ground Segment Architecture (MDA) L1 L0 L1 L2+ L1 L2+ L1 Comms TT+C Space Segment Gateway Station Meteo and SW Processing Comms

Ground Segment 13 Backup PCW Operations Center – Location (TBC) SCC MC

Major Milestones Phase 0 completed: September 2008 –User and Science Teams formed Phase A Approved: November 2008 Phase A contract awarded: July 2009 Phase A Major Milestones: –Phase A kicked-off: July 2009 –Technology Readiness Assessment Review: October 2009 –Mission Requirements Review: February 2010 –Preliminary System Requirements Review: June 2010 –Phase A Final Review – March 2011 Procurement Strategy defined: 2011 Phase B/C/D contract award: 2012* Satellite launch: 2016* Beginning of operations: 2017* * Subject to final mission approval

International Cooperation Participation in meteo International User and Science Team –science and operational inputs to User Requirements Document (URD) –US, Finland, EUMETSAT, …others welcome Coordination with Russian Arctika Mission –IGEOLAB HEO-FG –bi-laterals with Roscosmos, Roshydromet Growing exposure to CGMS, GSICS, WMO-SP –EC and CSA observation and engagement –intent of full participation – seeking guidance and support NOAA –NOAA-Canada PCW Workshop – December 2010 –Technical Coordination Group ▪assess applicability of PCW to NOAA requirements ▪define and scope potential areas of cooperation ▪engage other interested US agencies (e.g., USAF, USN, NASA, …) –report to senior management – NOAA, CSA, EC – June 2011