globalisation affects: music MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE - Immigration. With the migrants comes their music. Tourists and music sales. Education. - Effects of foreign music students. GLOBAL TRADE IN GOODS Globalisation of entertainment services

Music to the world Compact discs - the global internet music business is fighting against old and well established local price cartels in many countries. It is also threatening the music industry itself through new technology (MP3) which allows digital downloading of CDs from the Web. The five largest distributors of recorded music sell approximately 85 percent of all compact discs (CDs) purchased in the United States Universal Music and Video Distribution Sony Corp. of America Time-Warner Inc EMI Music Distribution Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG)

NetherlandsUSUK Revenues recordables, gross (US$) 660,100,00012,297,700,0002,709,800,000 Total sales, recordables (pieces) 38,000,0001,044,800,000234,500,000 Sales recordables, per capita (US$) Copyrights and neighboring rights (US$) 311,480,0001,080,400,000382,960,000 Some Economics of Pop Music, 1996

Global Market Shares of Major Players in 1996 Polygram % Sony % Warner % EMI % BMG % Market Value US$bn Australia Canada US Japan Germany UK France Netherlands Italy Korea Sweden Taiwan World

Electronic Marketing Strengths  Makes it easy and convenient for the customer to do business with you.  Creates a natural one-to-one relationship between buyer and seller, with customization of products and services.  Fosters customer loyalty and increases customer retention rates.  Helps the company focus on providing customer value.  Lowers costs for buyers and sellers in the whole process from pre-purchase to post-purchase stage.  Facilitates price comparisons.

New Copyright Issues RIAA v. MP3.com, Inc.: “MyMP3.com”MP3.com MP3 claims service nothing more than “virtual CD player”service Not legal to compile vast database of sound recordings w/ no permission and no licenseNot legal Copyright owners have exclusive right to make reproductions of their copyrighted sound recordings in all forms RIAA v. Napster Napster.com: centralized system for users to share music files Napster claims it is not liable because service does not keep any music on its own servers Napster encourages and facilitates illegal copying and distribution of copyrighted music Universal v. Reimerdes reverse-engineered and posted software (Content Scramble System) Distribution of computer program DeCSS violates DMCA Not legal to offer technology primarily designed to circumvent technological measures used to protect copyrighted works WCT Art. 11: adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against circumvention of technology for protecting works

Pirate music or free music? WHO REALLY CARES? THE LAW WHAT ARTISTS & SONGWRITERS HAVE TO SAYWHAT ARTISTS & SONGWRITERS HAVE TO SAY WHY YOU SHOULDN'T DO IT LEGAL SITES Major Distributors Agree to Abandon Advertising Pricing PoliciesMajor Distributors Agree to Abandon Advertising Pricing Policies

Globalisation of music Ushered in vagaries of new music world & fractionalization of music industry: - Hip Hop - House/techno - Pop - Rap stars - Ska - World music GenY

World music PROMOTION OF LOCAL MUSIC HERITAGE IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATIONPROMOTION OF LOCAL MUSIC HERITAGE IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION African singers Musical developments and music industry in EuropeMusical developments and music industry in Europe Latin music

A Musical Instrument Travels Around the World. Jenbe Playing in Bamako, West Africa, and Beyond Sound sample 1: Sound sample 1: rhythm sunun Sound sample 2:Sound sample 2: sunun at a wedding festival in Bamako