Battlegrounds Shift Chapter 6, Lesson #3

Fighting in the West Many Natives sided with the British: Fighting took place west of the colonies Native raids on colonists British paid natives for settlers’ scalps George Rogers Clark Virginia militia leader Captured British Forts: Kaskaskia, Cahokia Captured British town of Vincennes

The War at Sea Britain had most powerful Navy: Used ships to blockade (no ships could leave or enter) ports American Navy too weak: Hired 2,000 privateers: privately owned ships with cannons Capture enemy ships and cargo John Paul Jones: US Navy officer and hero: raided British ports September 1779: Bonhomme Richard vs. Serapis “I have not yet begun to fight!” Fought for hours until American victory

Fighting in the South British realized winning in the north would not be easy Changed focus to South more loyalists Henry Clinton (British general): 1778: Sent 3,500 British troops south: Took over Savannah, Georgia and rest of state 1780: Attacked Charles Town, South Carolina Took thousands of prisoners Worst defeat for Americans during war Clinton went back to NY and left General Charles Cornwallis in charge. Gates sent to face Cornwallis but was defeated in Camden, South Carolina.

Stop What Virginia military leader fought British in the West? Define the word: Privateer Who was the Captain of the Bonhomme Richard? What British commander took over Georgia and South Carolina?

Hit and Run Tactics Francis Marion “The Swamp Fox” Used “hit and run” tactics against British Ambush British forces from concealed locations Forced British to divide forces (made them easier to attack) Kept the British from taking hold of South Carolina "As for this damned old fox, the Devil himself could not catch him.“ - British Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarelton

Spain’s Help Bernardo de Gálvez Spanish governor of Louisiana Shipped tons of supplies and ammunition up Mississippi river Used by George Rogers Clark (help him be victorious) Raised an army to fight the British Drove British out of Gulf of Mexico region

American Successes British moved north through Carolinas Threatened to “hang [patriot] leaders” and “lay waste to country” if colonists did not join British cause. King’s Mountain Patriot militia killed or captured 1,000 loyalist militia soldiers. Nathanael Greene Replaced Gate as commander of American forces in South Divided forces and achieved victory at Cowpens, SC Forced Cornwallis to give up Southern campaign and move north Nathanael Greene

Cornwallis Retreats Cornwallis Realizes more French troops are arriving Moves British north to Virginia Washington sends troops south (led by Lafayette and General Wayne) British take refuge in Yorktown, VA …stay tuned!

Stop Who was known as the Swamp Fox? Who was the Spanish governor of Louisiana who help the Americans? During what battle did the Patriots capture or kill 1,000 Loyalists? During which battle did Nathanael Greene’s forces defeat the British in South Carolina?