Glenohumeral Dislocations and Humerus Fractures Nikole Blackwell

Anatomy of the Shoulder - The glenohumeral joint is a ball-and-socket joint - The humerus head (the ball) fits into the glenoid of the scapula (socket) - The labrum is the most important piece of cartilage allows humerus to rotate with minimal friction

Glenohumeral Dislocation Causes Most common is when the head of the humerus is forced in an anterior direction past the labrum. Anterior dislocation is abduction , external rotation, and extension Common in football and rugby players

Glenohumeral Dislocation Causes Initial trauma involving posteriorly directed force to a flexed, adducted, and internally rotated shoulder Partial dislocation, humerus head is partially out of socket

Glenohumeral Dislocation Signs with an anterior dislocation an athlete displays flattened deltoid contour carries arm slightly abducted and in external rotation

Glenohumeral Dislocation Signs Swelling Numbness Weakness Bruising Pain and unsteadiness in the shoulder

Glenohumeral Dislocation Facts 4% of Glenohumeral dislocations are posterior Non-operative management is favored when dislocation presents fewer than 6 weeks, and less then 20% of humeral head defect

Glenohumeral Dislocation Facts Dislocations most occur in football and rugby athletes Rare but occasionally baseball players will suffer from dislocations One study found traditional rehab was insufficient for 34% of overhead athletes w/ posterior glenohumeral dislocation.

Glenohumeral Dislocation Care Initial care requires immediate immobilization, using a sling Apply cold packs to prevent hemorrhage A doctor needs to preform closed reduction to put the arm back in place Remain in a sling for one week then begin physical therapy

Glenohumeral Dislocation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rWAh2lmdxxA

Anatomy of the Humerus The head of the humerus is part of the shoulder The radial groove and deltoid tuberosity are part of the humerus shaft The medial and lateral epicondyles and the olecranon fossa are part of the elbow

Humerus Fracture Causes Salter-Harris system is 5 denominations for fractures Type I- shearing or avulsion forces Type II- occur same as type I but fracture continues through metaphysis Type III- vertical fracture lines through epiphysis Type IV- fracture crosses epiphysis, epiphyseal plate Type V- comprehensive forces are directed to bone in an uncommon motion

Humerus Fracture causes Complete fractures result from impaction of proximal ulna onto distal humerus Impact can occur with elbow flexed or unflexed Occasionally happen in sports Result of direct blow, dislocation, or impact of falling

Humerus Fracture Signs X-ray examinations give positive proof Pain Inability to the arm Swelling Point tenderness Discoloration of superficial tissue

Humerus Fracture Facts Humeral diaphyseal fractures account for 1.2% of all fractures Proximal humerus fractures account for 5.7% of all fractures

Humerus Fracture Facts Both types of fractures are common in elderly and older adult persons Fracture patterns are similar across all ages, but older people are more prone due to osteoporosis

Humerus Fracture Care Immediate application of splint or support with a sling An athlete with a humerus fracture are out of competition for 2 to 6 months, depending on severity Distal humerus fractures are mostly treated surgically Athletes are told to avoid 90/90 positioning

Sources Glenohumeral Dislocation Pictures http://www.emaxhealth.com/2/24/24889.html http://biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2004_Groups/Group01/bioghj.htm http://www.methodistorthopedics.com/shoulder-dislocations http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00035 http://www.orthosurgeon.co.za/content/dr-peter-smith-orthopaedic-shoulder-instability-repair-procedures-milnerton-medi-clinic-cape http://ehow-blog.com/shoulder-dislocation-what-is-it-and-how-to-treat-it/ http://www.shoulderdoc.co.uk/article.asp?article=755 http://www.deweyjonesmd.com/blog/shoulder-instability-injuries-by-the-numbers/

Sources Humerus Fractures http://www.oxford174.com/humerus-bone-picture/ http://www.tc.umn.edu/~murp0345/mnemonics/ortho/ http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/transverse_humeral_shaft_fracture https://www.mdguidelines.com/fracture-humerus-distal http://www.msdlatinamerica.com/ebooks/RockwoodGreensFracturesinAdults/sid855114.html