CSE 303 Concepts and Tools for Software Development Richard C. Davis UW CSE – 11/29/2006 Social Implications Discussion 4 – Digital Rights Management

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 22 Administravia HW7 Posted last night Subversion Repository Permissions –Run the following two commands chgrp -R c303-? svn-repository chmod -R 2770 svn-repository –Don't forget -R ! –Don't forget the 2 !

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 23 Today Digital Rights Management –Defining media and copyright –Effect of the Internet –DRM: "Code" becomes "Law" –Three DRM Initiatives These slides borrow heavily from Wired Shut: Copyright and the Shape of Digital Culture, by Tarleton Gillespie, MIT Press, 2007.

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 24 Media and Culture Transfer Definition of "media" –The means by which culture is transferred It's always been a technological issue –The printing press changed everything –The Internet changes everything

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 25 Copyright Author's exclusive right to intellectual work –Duplication –Distribution –Performance Right to license these rights to others Right to prohibit others from use –Through civil lawsuit

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 26 The Need for Balance Ability to prohibit use introduces risks –Monopoly Power –Restraint on free speech Copyright law seeks to bring balance –Separation of idea and expression "I can stop you from distributing my book, but I can't stop you from talking about it!" –Works move into public domain after a period –"Fair Use" (Like today's article)

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 27 Copyright In The Constitution US Constitution, Article I, § 8, clause 8: –"The Congress shall have power… To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries…"

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 28 Copyright Matters Because Culture Matters Founding fathers wanted to –Spurs production of art and knowledge –Foster scientific progress –Keep citizens informed –Develop an American Intellectual Tradition Do you think copyright matters?

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 29 What's New Today? The Internet –New ways to distribute culture –New ways to make money –New ways to benefit from culture Examples –iTunes - music –YouTube - video –FlickR - photographs

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 210 Digital Rights Management Means for enforcing copyright –Encrypt content –Mandate hardware to enforce rules –Attach rules to content Allow some uses Disallow other uses –Compel all devices to honor the same rules –Link to a micro-payment system DRM is an alternative to copyright law

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 211 The Big Question What does imposing this technology do? –"Code" becomes "Law" –Prevent "fair use"? –Expose public to greater risks? Risk of Monopoly Power Threats to Free Speech Technologists (i.e., YOU) will help answer –Artifacts have politics –Technology is socially constructed

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 212 DRM Initiatives All attempts at positive intervention have –Legal factors –Political factors –Economic factors –Cultural Factors We'll look at three –SDMI - Secure Digital Music Initiative –CSS - Content Scramble System –DTV Broadcast flag

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 213 Secure Digital Music Initiative SDMI Goals: Industry agreement on –"digital watermark" –portable device specs History –Began 1998 –Grew to 200 members –Stopped in 2001 (after article you read)

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 214 Issues with SDMI Technology not viable? Public outcry Conflicting economic interests of members Technology shift –From portable devices –To computer as music device –Reversing? Depended on voluntary participation –Anyone can walk away from the table –Anyone can produce a device without restrictions

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 215 Content Scramble System CSS Goals: Protect DVD content –Device needs decryption key to play disk –Decryption keys come with a license No copying, keep decryption process hidden History –1996: Began by small industry coalition –1998: Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) Criminalizes "circumvention" of access controls –1999: CSS Cracked (DeCSS)

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 216 The Aftermath of CSS Creators of DeCSS prosecuted –But the software is out there DMCA Gives state backing to CSS The end result –Either agree to license, receive decryption key –Or refuse license, don't build DVD player –Or refuse license, circumvent, & face penalties

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 217 Broadcast Flag for Digital TV DTV Goals: Protect broadcast content History –1990: Congress - Move to digital broadcast –MPAA asks for copy protection in digital TVs –2003: Granted by FCC –2005: Court says FCC had no right

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 218 Issues with DTV Copy Protection DRM encryption vs. TV's "public interest" –Uproar over 1997 "spectrum giveaway" Laws could change – Give FCC right to demand copy protection?

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 219 Open Question #1 Who should you be concerned about? –Yourself –Artists –Publishers

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 220 Open Question #2 How important is it to fix this problem? –Will the creation/distribution of culture falter? –Will we set far-reaching precedents?

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 221 Open Question #3 How should you get involved? –Downloading pirated content? –Voting? How would you decide who to vote for? –Companies you work for?

10/30/2006CSE 303 Discussion 222 Next Time Linkers Robustness