Fall 2011

Metrics How many mm are in a meter? 1000 mm How many cm are in a meter? 100 cm How many Liters are in 123 ml l

Graphing Look over the graph….what do you see (trends)? Questions… What happens to the speed as breaking distance increases? What kind of graph is this? What happens to the speed as breaking distance increases? What kind of graph is this?

Layers of the Earth What are the states of matter? Answer these questions Which layer is the thinnest? crust Which layer is liquid? Outer core Which layer is a solid Iron core? Inner Core Which layer is the densest? Inner Core

Mapping… Look over this map Answer the following questions… What is the contour interval? 50 feet What is the difference between points A and D? Which an easier route to travel? A to B or A to C! A to B The larger space between the lines represents a flatter surface?

World Map Study this map Questions Which lines represent latitude? 0 – 90 N or S Which lines represent longitude? Which lines will intersect Where is the prime meridian, equator? Which lines represent latitude? 0 – 90 N or S Which lines represent longitude? Which lines will intersect Where is the prime meridian, equator?

Topographic maps Study the map What do the following mean? Concentric circles of contour lines Mountain peak Widely spaced contour lines Gentle slope V-shaped contour lines River Concentric circles of hatched lines depression Closely spaced contour lines Steep slope Concentric circles of contour lines Mountain peak Widely spaced contour lines Gentle slope V-shaped contour lines River Concentric circles of hatched lines depression Closely spaced contour lines Steep slope

Minerals Which are characteristics… How do these terms relate to minerals? Solid Naturally occurring Inorganic Definite chemical composition Crystalline Structure Cleavage Fracture Hardness Luster Color Streak Cleavage Fracture Hardness Luster Color Streak

Minerals Key terms Things to know Physical properties Color Streak Hardness Shape Luster Chemical properties Chemical composition Gems are minerals Quartz is a common mineral found all over Gold is mined naturally Rocks are not minerals Moh’s scale of hardness

Types of Rocks What are the 3 types of Rocks How are they all connected -Rock Cycle Igneous Metamorphic Sedimentary

Rock Cycle Study this picture… Questions What kind of rocks come out of Volcanoes?...what causes the differences? Igneous Type of lava What are the two types of lava? Mafic and Felsic What kind of rocks come out of Volcanoes?...what causes the differences? Igneous Type of lava What are the two types of lava? Mafic and Felsic

Igneous Rocks Examples Where do they form Pumice Obsidian Basalt Granite Scoria Rhyolite Gabbro Inside the volcano is called what? Intrusive Outside of the volcano is called? Extrusive

Sedimentary Rocks Examples Types of Sedimentary Rocks Sandstone Shale Conglomerate Coal Coquina Gypsum Detrital/Clastic Organic/Biochemical Chemical Fossils Found in Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks Examples Types of metamorphic rocks Marble Schist Limestone Slate Foliated Has layers Non-Foliated No layers

Plate tectonics What can happen at the following? What are these key terms? What are the different kinds of convergent boundaries? Oceanic – Continental Continental – Continental What is a divergent boundaries, and how do we know that they exist? Area in the ocean’s crust that spreading is occurring. We can measure magnetic reversals. What are the different kinds of convergent boundaries? Oceanic – Continental Continental – Continental What is a divergent boundaries, and how do we know that they exist? Area in the ocean’s crust that spreading is occurring. We can measure magnetic reversals. Subduction zone Convection currents Plates Continental drift theory Alfred Wegener Harry Hess Subduction zone Convection currents Plates Continental drift theory Alfred Wegener Harry Hess

Types of Boundaries How do they move DIVERGENT CONVERGENT TRANSFORM Move apart (DIVorce) Move together (CONnect/Couple) Slide Past Eachother

Volcanoes Study this diagram… Questions… What direction is the plate moving? East Which volcano is the youngest, and why? Hawaii Where would the most active volcano be in this diagram? Closest to the hot spot

Volcanoes…what is underneath? What does each letter stand for? Match…which letter? Laccolith Dike Lava Flow Sill Volcano

Volcano types What are the different types? Questions… Composite Shield Cinder volcano Composite Shield Cinder volcano Where are each type most commonly located? What kind of eruptions are associated with each type? What kind of debris comes out of each type?

What kind of Volcanoes are these famous ones Name / type Match… Mid – Atlantic Ridge Mount Pinotubo The Hawaiian islands Divergent boundaries Subduction zones Hot spot Divergent boundaries Subduction zones Hot spot

Earthquakes What do the points represent on the picture Questions… What kind of fault is this? Normal What kind of stress caused this kind of fault Tension What kind of boundary could you find this at? Divergent Which Point is the Epicenter C What kind of fault is this? Normal What kind of stress caused this kind of fault Tension What kind of boundary could you find this at? Divergent Which Point is the Epicenter C

Earthquakes / Time Travel graphs Study this graph… Questions Which wave came first? How does the information help you find the epicenter? Problems At what time did the P wave hit 2000 km away from the epicenter? How far did the wave travel in 5 minutes?

How do we measure Earthquakes? Scales Key terms Richter scale Magnitude of the seismic waves How do we measure Earthquakes.. Equipment Seismogram (recorded paper) Seismometer(instrument) How many circles do you need? Richter scale Magnitude of the seismic waves How do we measure Earthquakes.. Equipment Seismogram (recorded paper) Seismometer(instrument) How many circles do you need? Seismic waves Tsunami Faults Magnitude Epicenter Focus Seismic waves Tsunami Faults Magnitude Epicenter Focus

Faults Key terms Stress and Fault lines Stress Strain Elastic Deformation Plastic Deformation Rupture/Failure What kind of stress results in… Normal faults? Tension Reverse faults? Compression Strike – slip? Shearing

Faults What type of fault is these?

Weathering…what is it? mechanical Chemical Pot holes Tree roots Ice wedging Doesn’t change the chemical composition Oxidation of any item (Rust) Chemical change of composition Best Conditions are Wet and Cool Oxidation of any item (Rust) Chemical change of composition Best Conditions are Wet and Cool

Glaciers Questions