Thermodynamic Work P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi Development of Power for Different Needs!!!

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Presentation transcript:

Thermodynamic Work P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi Development of Power for Different Needs!!!

Displacement Work : Dangerous & Inhuman Technologies

A Need for More General Definition of Work As an English army officer, Thomas Savery was once ejected from the Lord of the Admiralty's office as a lunatic because he proposed a ship that could be propelled by side-mounted wheels rather than by wind or oars. He exhibited great fondness for mechanics, and for mathematicians natural philosophy and gave much time to experimenting, to the contriving of various kinds of apparatus, and to invention.

Definition of Thermodynamic Work Positive work is done by a system, during a given process, when the sole effect external to the system could be reduced to the rise of a weight. This definition may appear arbitrary. This is forced on the readers/users to identify all possible work actions in engineering. Will it consider Mechanical work?

Mechanical Work Generating System

Mechanical work Before triggering After triggering F System Surroundings S

Thermodynamic Work S1S1 W W Mechanical Work is Thermodynamic work and vice versa. F.S = W*S1

Broader Applications of the Thermodynamic Work What Action is present at this boundary? Convector Battery

Equivalence of Raising of A Weight Rise W

Discussion of the Definition Positive work is done by a system, during a given process, when the sole effect external to the system could be reduced to the rise of a weight. Sole Effect: Entire effect (100 %) External: Only at the boundary or magnitude depends on the boundary Could be reduced to: It need not be just rise of weight. Any thing that can be translated into to rise of weight.

TurbineGenerator Convector Hot copper An Unknown Action

Negative Work When a system does positive work, its surroundings do an equal quantity of negative work. Conversely, when surroundings do positive work, the system does and equal quantity of negative work.

Types of Work Transfers Moving Boundary work (displacement work) Electrical work Shaft work Flowing fluid work

Moving Boundary work (displacement work) Boundary work occurs when a change in the system causes a force to act on the boundary and make it move.

Simple Processes for Displacement Work : Control Mass

Control Mass : Constant Volume & Pressure Processes

Isothermal Process by A Control Mass

Isothermal Process of Real Gases in a Control Mass Van der Waals EOS

Displacement Work done by Superheated Steam During An Isothermal Process