World Myths and Folktales
Myths and Folktales: world’s oldest stories, passed on by word of mouth from generation to generation vital to modern readers/reveal common truths, patterns, and themes familiar to all ages & cultures explain origin of various rituals and common human experiences (What are some human experiences/emotions that are universal to all human beings?)
Differences Between Myths and Folktales Folktales: include legends, fables, tall tales, fairy tales, and ghost stories. are secular, or nonreligious. are created for entertainment as well as for teaching social and moral values.
Folktales (cont.) feature magic and enchantment, just as myths do. Although folktales may sometimes include gods or goddesses, they are usually not central characters in the story. contain heroes who are common, everyday folk who don’t have special powers. Heroes of myth are superhuman offspring of gods or goddesses and human parents. are not associated with religious rituals.
Folktales
Fairy Tales
Fables
Most important difference between myths and folktales… myths are a direct expression of a culture’s religious beliefs; folktales are not.
Creation myths/Origin myths Describe how a culture believes the world and mankind were created Often contain archetypal themes Function as— 1. Early science 2. Early religion 3. Early entertainment (archetype)--an original model of a person or character, ideal, example, plot,or prototype upon which others are copied, patterned, or emulated
Creation myths/Origin myths (cont.) (archetype)--an original model of a person or character, ideal, example, plot, or prototype upon which others are copied, patterned, or emulated
Archetypes Archetypal literary elements: patterns in literature found around the world * archetypal plots Ex: *Happily-ever-after tales *Rags-to-riches stories
Literary Terms * archetypical characters Ex: *star-crossed lovers *hero *villain *underdog
Literary Terms *archetypical setting: *Eden/paradise *Utopia *Dystopia *”wrong side of the tracks” neighborhood *suburbia
Literary Terms *archetypical themes Ex: *Love conquers all *Good vs. evil
*archetypal symbols Ex: numbers as symbols (depends on culture) dove rose colors olive branch
Creation myths/Origin myths (cont.) Common archetypical elements in creation myths across cultures include— what exists in the very beginning creator, often omniscient and involved in the existence of his/her creations Explanation of natural phenomenon (e.g. how evil came to exist, how death came to be, the reason for thunder and other natural occurances, etc.)