2. Intro to Functional Groups

Water: A special molecule The solvent in cells, tissues and organs is water. Four special properties of water are: 1. Hydrogen bonding Effects: cohesion, adhesion, surface tension. More energy is needed to break hydrogen bonds than other intermolecular bonds, which gives water a high specific heat capacity. 2. Density Effects: Ice is the only solid that floats in its liquid! This insulates water under ice.

Water: A special molecule 3. Polar nature of the bond Effects: as a solvent, water allows polar molecules and ionic compounds to dissolve due to water’s polarity. 4. Dissociation of intramolecular bonds Effects: 1 in 10 7 water molecules dissociates to form H + and OH - ions. This is a pH of 7 = NEUTRAL.

Functional Groups Functional groups are parts of larger molecules. They greatly influence biological reactivity because they have negative or positive regions that react to form bonds.

Draw the structural formula.