Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf MusicXML and MEI Music 253 Stanford University Winter 2010 Craig Stuart Sapp 2005 Rev. E. S.-F. Winter 2010

Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf Purpose image from: Primary function of MusicXML is data interchange between programs: Designed for encoding common-practice western music notation. Finale MuseData Sibelius SCORE Guido MuseScore Humdrum Lilypond

Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf MusicXML Development June 2001 : Alpha version of MusicXML 0.3 available March 2002: First commercial release of MusicXML 0.6 (Import plugin comes with Finale 2003) Jan 2004: MusicXML 1.0 released July 2007 MusicXML 2.0 (Java-based), rev Current DTD at Developer = Michael Good

Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf Dolet plugin for Finale Primary implementation as a plugin called Dolet for Finale: Write your own plugins for Finale:

Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf XML Tree Structure Shorthands: == value analogous to: tag subtagsubtag2 subsubtag An Introduction to XML file structure: attributes:

Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf MusicXML Structure partwise score most common each part listed serially part consists of measures measures contain (1) s (items with duration) and (2) s (items without duration such as clef, time signature, key signature, etc.) (3) s (dynamics) (4) (tempo)

Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf Note Element C th down see: logical duration graphical duration

Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf Partwise vs Scorewise views  Partwise Each voice in a separate track (e.g. MuseData, Finale)  Scorewise All voices in one file (e.g. Humdrum, SCORE)

Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf Causality MusicXML is not a causal encoding format and commands are used to encode single parts with multiple staves or multiple voices. voice 2 Examples of causal music formats: MIDI (partwise encoding) Humdrum (scorewise encoding)

Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf Other XML-Based Music Formats MusiXML Music Encoding Initiative: see: Proprietary systems (Hal Leonard, et al.)

Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf Music Encoding Initiative (MEI)  Partial analogue to text-encoding initiative (TEI)  Unicode complaint  Non-commercial  Attractive to librarians and musicologists  Developer = Perry Roland, Joachim Veit, Craig Sapp, Johannes Kepper, and many others  See An Introduction to XML file structure:

Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf XML-based codes and virtual editions  Corpus Mensurabilis Musicarum ( (Theodor Dumitrescu, CNRS, Tours, FR) Goal: One encoding, multiple styles of notation From The Virtual Score. Used by permission.

Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf Predecessor Data-Interchange Formats MIDI NIFF SmartScore Available in Sibelius and Lime Notation Programs Originally the only way out of Finale’s proprietary format. not designed as a notation interchange format. see:

Mus 253/3C2008 Craig Stuart Sapp; rev. esf Politics of XML  Schemes supervised by WWW consortium  WWW consortium funded by industrial members ($10,000/yr and up)  Efforts to seat an adjunct body for music rejected by WWW consortium (2005)