Hurricanes Chapter 13.3.

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Hurricanes Chapter 13.3

Objectives The conditions required for tropical cyclone development The life cycle of a tropical cyclone The dangers of tropical cyclones

Cyclone Tropical cyclone Large, rotating, LOW pressure tropical storm

A.K.A Tropical Cyclones have different names depending on where they form Pacific Ocean: Typhoon Indian Ocean: Cyclone Atlantic Ocean: Hurricane

Requirements for Cyclone Formation 1. Abundant supply of warm ocean water 2. Mechanism to lift the warm air 3. Minimum wind shear

1st stage of formation Formative stage – moving tropical disturbance Less dense, moist air rises Rainfall and air circulation As air moves to replace low pressure area, coriolis effect takes place Produces a counter-clockwise rotation of the air Known as tropical depression (less than 38 mph)

2nd stage of formation Mature stage moving air approaches center, more condensation more energy Air pressure in center continues to drop Wind speed increases 39 to 73 mph Tropical storm

Mature stage When a tropical storm intensifies with winds greater than 73 mph it becomes a hurricane Eye Center of storm Calm and sunny Eyewall: surrounds the eye Strong winds and dense clouds on the edge of the eye

3rd stage of formation Dissipation stage Moved over land – friction Moved over cold water No longer has warm air at the surface to feed it

Tropical cyclone movement Move according to wind currents which steer them Caught up in the high pressure systems that are present in the tropics Move west and become caught up in the westerlies React with mid-latitude systems Interaction with many systems make their path unpredictable

Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale

Hurricane hazards Damage Mostly caused by high winds Storm surge Hurricane force winds carry a mound of ocean water toward shore