Chapter 11 Emotional and Cognitive Socialization Outcomes

Prologue What influences have contributed to how you have come to feel and think about things?

How can socializing agents enable children to develop humanitarian values and attitudes, rather than stereotypical ones? How can socializing agents work together to foster achievement motives and a sense of personal responsibility in children? How can young people’s self-esteem be supported?

Values Qualities or beliefs that are viewed as desirable or important Values clarification –Personal values classification is influenced by human societal values

Attitudes The tendency to respond positively or negatively to certain persons, objects, or situations –Development of attitudes-the development of attitudes is influenced by age and cognitive development

Attitudes –Influences on attitude development Family –Modeling –Instruction –Reinforcement and punishment Peers

Attitudes –Influences on attitude development Mass media –Television and movies –Books Community School –Changing attitudes about diversity Can prejudicial attitudes be changed?

Motives and attributes A motive is a need or emotion that causes a person to act

Fig. 11-2, p. 467

Motives and attributes Achievement motivation-often correlated with actual achievement behavior –How do people differ in their motivation to achieve? –How does the motivation to achieve develop? –The relationship between parenting practical expectations and achievement motivation

Fig. 11-3, p. 468

Motives and attributes Locus of control-relates to one’s attribution of performance, or sense of personal responsibility –Develops through one’s actions on the environment and one’s interactions with others

Fig. 11-4, p. 473

Motives and attributes Locus of control –Internal locus of control-individuals who believe they are in control of their world –External locus of control-individuals who perceive that others have more control over them than they have over themselves

Motives and attributes Learned helplessness – people become passive and lose motivation when place in situations where outcomes are unaffected by their behavior Self-Efficacy – the belief that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes

Self-Esteem Self-concept – one’s ideas of one’s identity as distinct from others Self-esteem – values one places on that identity

Self-Esteem Influences on the development of self-esteem –Family –School –Peers –Mass media –Community