Chapter 4: States of Matter Heat and the 3 common states of Matter

What is matter? Anything that takes up space (VOLUME) and has MASS Anything that takes up space (VOLUME) and has MASS EX: water, ice, desk, clothes, skin, flower…and even AIR! *All things are made up of matter!

What is matter made up of? All matter is made up of tiny particles called ATOMS All matter is made up of tiny particles called ATOMS –An atom is the smallest unit of a chemical element Atoms are so small that in just one drop of water, there are about 6 sextillion atoms! (6,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) Atoms are so small that in just one drop of water, there are about 6 sextillion atoms! (6,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) What does it look like? What is inside of an atom? What does it look like? What is inside of an atom?

What are atoms made up of? PROTONS (positive charges) PROTONS (positive charges) –found in nucleus NEUTRONS (neutral charges) NEUTRONS (neutral charges) – found in nucleus ELECTRONS (negative charges) ELECTRONS (negative charges) –Found in outer shell of nucleus, orbits around the nuclues

The ATOM

Other facts about Atoms Protons + Neutrons = ATOMIC MASS Protons + Neutrons = ATOMIC MASS There are over 100 different types of atoms There are over 100 different types of atoms - Some examples: - hydrogen atom- Carbon atom - Oxygen atom- Aluminum atom - Nitrogen atometc…. *these different atoms have different unique properties

Matter is made of… Atoms Atoms MOLECULES MOLECULES –2 or more atoms combined (by chemical bonds) –Ex:  H 2 O (water),  CO 2 (carbon dioxide),  O 2 (oxygen we breathe)

What are the 3 TYPES of matter? ELEMENTS ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS COMPOUNDS MIXTURES MIXTURES

What are ELEMENTS? Pure substances that contain only ONE type of atom Pure substances that contain only ONE type of atom –Made up of the same type of atom Cannot be separated into other substances Cannot be separated into other substances Each element has a different number of protons and electrons Each element has a different number of protons and electrons EX: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Silver, Helium, Aluminum… EX: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Silver, Helium, Aluminum…

Periodic Table of Elements Table to organize the many elements on Earth Table to organize the many elements on Earth Elements are placed in specific places because of the way they look and act Elements are placed in specific places because of the way they look and act

PERIODIC TABLE

Parts of the Periodic Table Each box tells you Each box tells you –Atomic Number { TOP #}  (#Protons=#Electrons) –Symbol –Element Name –Atomic Mass { BOTTOM #}  (#Protons + #Neutrons )

Parts of the Periodic Table Period: (rows across)  = #electron orbitals (electron shells) Period: (rows across)  = #electron orbitals (electron shells) Groups (columns)  = #electrons in outer shell Groups (columns)  = #electrons in outer shell

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Glossary Words Matter Matter Atom Atom Proton Proton Neutron Neutron Electron Electron Molecule Molecule Element Element Periodic Table of Elements Periodic Table of Elements

For the elements… A) Hydrogen A) Hydrogen B) Helium B) Helium C) Rubidium C) RubidiumIDENTIFY Protons Atomic number Protons Atomic number Electrons Atomic mass Electrons Atomic mass Neutrons Group number Neutrons Group number electron orbitals Period number electron orbitals Period number electrons in its outer shell electrons in its outer shell

What element is this? Fluorine Fluorine Fluorine A) B) C) 1)Group number 2)Period number 3)Atomic number 4)Element symbol and name

What are the properties of this element? Find Atomic number Atomic number Protons Protons Electrons Electrons Element name and symbol Element name and symbol Atomic mass Atomic mass Neutrons Neutrons Group Group Period Period Number of electron orbitals Number of electron orbitals Number of electrons in outer shell Number of electrons in outer shell

Atomic number Atomic number Protons Protons Electrons Electrons Element name and symbol Element name and symbol Atomic mass Atomic mass Neutrons Neutrons Group Group Period Period Number of electron orbitals Number of electron orbitals Number of electrons in outer shell Number of electrons in outer shell