Invaders, Traders, and Empire Builders EQ: How did various strong rulers unite the lands lands of the Fertile Crescent into well-organized empires? DO NOW!!! Why do we have rules and laws? Do they help or hurt societies? Explain….

Invaders, Traders, and Empire Builders 4 How did Hammurabi bring stability to his kingdom? How did ideas and technology spread? How did the Persians unite a huge empire? What contributions did the Phoenicians make?

First Empires Arise in Mesopotamia A series of strong rulers united the lands of the Fertile Crescent into well organized empires. Again and again, nomadic warriors invaded the rich cities of the Fertile Crescent. Some looted and burned the cities. Others stayed to rule them. Around 2500 B.C., other peoples began conquering Sumer and the other lands of Mesopotamia. Groups that took control of Mesopotamia after the Sumerians: 2300 B.C. –Sargon, the ruler of Akkad, conquered Sumer and built the first known empire. 1790 B.C.–Hammurabi, King of Babylon, united the Babylonian empire. Establishes civil and criminal law.

The Code of Hammurabi Establishing the Law 4 Establishing the Law To establish the law of the land, Babylonian king Hammurabi set the law in stone (300 laws) and placed it in public view. He began the law code with a statement of authority: “ Then [the gods] Anu and Bel called my name me, Hammurabi, the exalted prince, who feared God, to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land…so that the strong should not harm the weak; so that I should rule over the [people] and enlighten the land, to further the well-being of mankind” What phrase emphasizes (points out) his greatness? The exalted prince. What effect would it have on the people to hear their ruler described this way? Impress them, and may increase their respect for him

“Remember The Code of Hammurabi” 4 Hammurabi’s code was the first attempt by a ruler to codify, or arrange and set down in writing, all of the laws that would govern a state. Another section codified civil law, the branch that deals with private rights and matters, such as business contracts, and marriages. One section codified criminal law, the branch of law that deals with offenses against others, such as robbery and murder. “Remember The Code of Hammurabi” Harsh punishment Eye for an Eye

The Code of Hammurabi 4 How do you think the establishment of a codified law helped Hammurabi control such a large empire? Creating clear laws and punishments would help to keep order in the empire . How did early empires arise in Mesopotamia? answer

Conquests Bring New Empires and Ideas 4 Conquerors brought new technologies, new ideas about laws and culture to the conquered region. One of the first libraries was built. For example, when the Hittites conquered Mesopotamia, they brought the skill of ironworking to that region. Developing the technology for making Iron was their major accomplishment. When the conquerors were in turn conquered, they moved elsewhere, spreading their ideas and technologies. For example, when the Hittite empire was itself conquered, Hittite ironworkers migrated to other regions and spread the secret of ironmaking and culture across Asia, Africa, and Europe. Select photo

Conquests Bring New Empires and Ideas 4 Nebuchadnezzar rebuilds Babylon (612 B.C.) Was the second ruler of Babylon. Ruled in an aggressive and ruthless manner. Built big walls around his cities, however he fell to the Persian armies of Cyrus. How did ideas and technology spread? answer

The Persian Establish a Huge Empire 4 Cyrus the Great and his successors conquered the largest empire yet seen, from Asia Minor to India. Persian create and unify a large empire. Drew up single code of laws for empire. Had hundreds of miles of roads built or repaired to aid communication and encourage unity. Set up a barter economy, which means they exchanged one set of goods or services for another. Introduced a uniform system of coinage and encouraged a money economy. Paid for services or goods by exchanging coins or bills. Religious ideas from the Persian thinker Zoroaster also helped to unite the empire. How did the Persians unite a huge empire? answer

Contributions of Phoenician Sea Traders 4 What contributions did the Phoenicians make? Occupied string of cities along the eastern Mediterranean coast. Made glass from sand and purple dye from a tiny sea snail. To promote trade, they set up colonies. A colony is a territory settled and ruled by people from another land. Called “carriers of civilization” because they spread Middle Eastern civilization around the Mediterranean. Most important, they invented the alphabet. An alphabet contains letters that represent spoken sounds. clip

Section 2 Assessment b) Sargon d) Hammurabi 4 Section 2 Assessment Who ruled Akkad and established the world’s first empire? a) Cyrus the Great b) Sargon c) Hammurabi d) Darius What leader was the first to codify the laws that would govern his state? a) Hittites b) Marco c) Arrialius d) Hammurabi b) Sargon d) Hammurabi Want to connect to the World History link for this section? Click Here.

Section 2 Assessment b) making iron a) Nebuchadnezzer 4 Section 2 Assessment What major accomplishment did the Hittites’ bring to the world? a) assemble the first library b) develop the technology for making iron c) invent the war chariot d) establish trade with their colonies What ruler constructed large walls in order to protect his cities? a) Nebuchadnezzar b) Hammurabi c) Marcus Trabakinius d) Cyrus the Great b) making iron a) Nebuchadnezzer Want to connect to the World History link for this section? Click Here.

Section 2 Assessment c) Cyrus the Great d) Persian 4 Section 2 Assessment What ruler conquered the largest empire from Asia minor to India? a) Zoroaster b) Sumer c) Cyrus the Great d) Hittites What empire established a huge empire by creating a money economy? a) Babolonian b) Asian c) African d) Persian c) Cyrus the Great d) Persian Want to connect to the World History link for this section? Click Here.

Section 2 Assessment a) Phoenician c) colonies 4 Section 2 Assessment What empire invented the alphabet? a) Phoenician b) Babylonian c) Assyrian d) Persian What did the Phoenicians create in order to promote trade? a) bridges b) laws c) colonies d) wheeled vehicles a) Phoenician c) colonies Want to connect to the World History link for this section? Click Here.