The Chemistry of Life

Chapter 2, Section 1 The Nature of Matter (p )

Atomic Structure

The Periodic Table

Periodic Table Boxes

Electrons Electrons orbit the nucleus at various distances (shells/orbitals) First shell: Second shell: Third shell:

Electrons Total number of electrons Valence electrons

Chemical Compounds

Ionic Bond

Covalent Bond

Chapter 2, Section 2 Properties of Water (p )

The Water Molecule

Hydrogen Bonds

The Result of Hydrogen Bonds Adhesion Cohesion

High Surface Tension

High Specific Heat

Less Dense as a Solid

The Universal Solvent Water is usually found as a mixture Solution Suspension

The pH Scale Water molecules can react to form ions: The pH scale measures:

The pH Scale Acidic: Basic:

Chapter 2, Section 3 Carbon Compounds (p )

Carbon Atomic building block for all organisms Forms single, double, & triple covalent bonds It can bond with itself to form:

Macromolecules

Carbohydrates Made up of: Monomer name: Polymer name:

Carbohydrate Examples

Lipids Made up of: Monomer name: Polymer name:

Lipids

Lipid Examples

Nucleic Acids Made up of: Monomer name: Polymer name:

Nucleic Acid Examples

Proteins Made up of: Monomer name: Polymer name:

Amino Acids

Examples of Proteins

Protein Folding

Chapter 2, Section 4 Chemical Reactions & Enzymes (p )

Chemical Reactions

 Activation Energy:  Two types of chemical reactions:  Exothermic  Endothermic

Catalysts

Enzymes  Enzymes are a type of protein that:

Enzyme Structure

Enzymes at Work

Types of Enzymes Catalyzes the breaking down of molecules Examples: Lipase Lactase Protease Amylase Catalyzes the joining of molecules Examples: DNA Polymerase DNA Ligase