ROCKS LAYER C P. 144-147 (FIRST) Review #1 Vocabulary P. 148-150 (SECOND) P. 152-153 (THIRD) Review #1 Vocabulary P. 160-166 (FOURTH)

ROCKS LAYER B Earth’s crust diagram analysis Rock identification with pocket genius book Day in the Life of each type of rock - storybook Group activities: Ride the rock cycle Lab: Make your own sedimentary rock

ROCKS LAYER A Rock hunt and classification Display and explanations

Mini Lesson- Classifying Rocks 1. How do we classify animal? 2.Look at the rocks on your table. How would YOU classify rocks? Create a guide with your group for how you would do this. Question to think about: Could you use this classification for all the rocks at your table? Notes 3. Use Rock and Role key to determine which rock is igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.

Rocks are made of mixtures of minerals and other materials Mineral Composition Color Texture Some rocks contain only 1 mineral others contain many! Color helps tell us WHICH minerals are in the rock. Rocks contain GRANS, which are particles of minerals or other rocks. Give rocks its TEXTURE. The light color of granite indicates SILICA. Dark color of basalt indicates PYROXENE. Granite is LIGHT colored, basalt is DARK colored. Coarse or Fine grained Grain shape (smooth, rounded or jagged) Grain pattern (flat, swirling)

How would you describe this rock in terms of grain SHAPE? rock in terms of grain SIZE? How would you describe this rock in terms of grain PATTERN?

Important concepts Geologists classify rocks into 3 major groups: Igneous rock: from cooled magma/lava Sedimentary rock: from weathered compressed sediment Metamorphic rock: existing rock changed from heat and pressure (forms underground) When studying a rock sample, geologists observe the rock’s: Mineral composition: can be 1 or many more that make up a rock Color: lightness/darkness Texture: Grain size, grain shape, grain pattern

Mini Lesson – Igneous Rocks Look into the microscope at your rock sample. What do you see? Questions to think about: How many different minerals make up this rock? What colors are the different minerals? Are the crystals large or small? (intrusive or extrusive?) Look closely with a magnifying class at the GRANITE rock in front of you. How many different minerals do you think make it up?

Intrusive Vs. Extrusive Fast cooling crystals Slow cooling crystals Uses of Igneous Rocks Granite - For buildings & monuments – Egyptians used for statues over 3,500 years ago. Basalt – crushed for gravel in construction. Pumice – used for polishing. Obsidian – used for ancient tools.

Mineral Composition of Igneous rocks

Important Concepts Igneous rocks ALL were formed from magma or lava They are classified by origin, texture and mineral composition They may form ON or BENEATH Earth’s surface Extrusive rock: From lava on the surface Intrusive rock: From magma that hardened under the surface Since they are hard, dense and durable they have been used for tools and building materials.

Mini Lesson – Sedimentary Rocks Notes You have 5 minutes to create a skit that acts out each of the 4 steps of sedimentary rock formation. (Each person in your group can do a step)

Types of Sedimentary Rocks Clastic – particles are squeezed together. Shale Sandstone Conglomerate Organic – remains of plants and animals. coal limestone Chemical – solutions evaporating Rock salt

Important concepts Sediment is small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things Series of processes: Erosion (water/wind), deposition (sediment lands somewhere), compaction (presses sediment together with weight/pressure), cementation (dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together) Clastic rocks: formed when rock fragments squeezed together (sandstone) Organic rocks: remain of plants/animals deposited in thick layers. (coal) Chemical rocks: minerals dissolved in a solution crystallize (limestone)

Mini lesson – Metamorphic Rocks Foliated

Important concepts Heat and pressure DEEP beneath Earth’s surface can change ANY rock to a metamorphic rock. When changed into metamorphic rock it changes its appearance, texture, crystal structure and mineral content High temperatures/pressure can change minerals into other minerals! Metamorphic rock classified by the arrangement of grains that make up the rock Parallel layers : foliated Random grains: nonfoliated Used for building and sculpture ( marble/slate) Marble formed from limestone subjected to heat/pressure below Earth’s surface

Mini Lesson – The rock Cycle Name as many CYCLES in nature that you can think of. The table with the MOST wins a prize!

Rock Cycle Magma / lava Igneous Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Sedimentary Rocks

Important concepts Rocks are continuously built, destroyed and changed in the crust. Example: Igneous rock granite formed beneath surface Forces of mountain building push granite upward (forming mountain) Slowly, water/wind wear away granite Granite particles become sand, carried by streams to the ocean Over millions of years sandy layers pile up on ocean floor Slowly, sediment changes to sandstone (sedimentary rock) Over time, sandstone is buried Heat/pressure change rock’s texture Sandstone changed into metamorphic rock : quartzite