3 Unit 1 Section A Never, ever give up! FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY 1

Genius is 1% inspiration, 99% perspiration Genius is 1% inspiration, 99% perspiration. Accordingly, a “genius” is often merely a talented person who has done all of his or her homework. —Thomas Edison (American inventor) Do the best you can in every task, no matter how unimportant it may seem at the time. —Sandra Day O’Connor (American jurist) 3 1 UNIT 1 The way to success UNIT 2

Section A The way to success 3 1 Never, ever give up! UNIT Section A Never, ever give up! To talk about the secret of success Objectives To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the essay writing skill

Contents Never, ever give up! Warming-up activities Text study Section A Warming-up activities Text study Language application Summary

Never, ever give up! Warming-up activities Lead-in Section A Warming-up activities Lead-in Pre-reading activities Cultural background

Lead-in Short answer questions 1. What is success? To live your life the way you want to live it To earn money, power, and fame To be surrounded by people you admire and respect To achieve your dreams, desires, hopes, wishes, etc. A successful man is one who can lay a firm foundation with the bricks others have thrown at him.

Lead-in Short answer questions 2. What do you think are the secrets of success? A strong will and adequate preparation Determination and persistence Well begun is half done. When you want success as badly as you wanted air, you will get it.

Listen and talk Pre-reading activities Listen to a talk about steps to make your dreams come true. Fill in the blanks based on what you hear. 1 As long as you are committed to your goals and you are ___________ about your dreams, you will __________ accomplish them. 2 To accomplish ________ results in your life, you have to be 100 percent committed and you must be willing to ________ your time and effort. passionate eventually amazing sacrifice 3 What are the three steps that you should follow to achieve success? 1) _________________ 2) ________________ 3) ________________ Map your goals out Believe in yourself Take action

1. Why do most people fail to achieve success in the end? Listen and talk Pre-reading activities 1. Why do most people fail to achieve success in the end? 2. Can you think of any other helpful steps that can be taken to make your dream come true? Listen to the talk again and discuss the following questions.

1. Why do most people fail to achieve success in the end? Listen and talk Pre-reading activities 1. Why do most people fail to achieve success in the end? Not have the passion; Not clear about what they want; Not know the exact destination that they want to reach; Not focus on what they want.

2. Can you think of any other helpful steps that can Listen and talk Pre-reading activities 2. Can you think of any other helpful steps that can be taken to make your dream come true? First, to learn to adopt suitable strategies; Second, to realize the significance of learning; Finally, to create or find opportunities rather than wait for opportunities to find us.

Compound dictation Pre-reading activities Listen to a short passage on success and fill in the missing information. We cannot travel every path. Success must be won along one line. We must make our business the one life purpose to which every other must be ___________. I hate a thing done by halves. If it be right, do it boldly. If it be wrong, leave it undone. The men of history were not perpetually looking into the mirror to make sure of their own size. _________ in their work they did it. subordinate Absorbed To be continued

Compound dictation Pre-reading activities Listen to a short passage on success and fill in the missing information. They did it so well that the wondering world sees them to be great, and ________ them accordingly. To live with a high ideal is a successful life. It is not what one does, but what one tries to do, that makes a man strong. “Eternal vigilance,” it has been said, “is the price of ________.” With equal truth it may be said, “Unceasing effort is the price of success.” labeled liberty To be continued

dependent indispensable Compound dictation Pre-reading activities Listen to a short passage on success and fill in the missing information. If we do not work with our might, others will; and they will outstrip us in the race, and pluck the prize from our grasp. Success grows less and less ___________ on luck and chance. Self-distrust is the cause of most of our failures. The great and _____________ help to success is character. Character is a crystallized habit, the result of training and conviction. dependent indispensable To be continued

architect irresponsible Compound dictation Pre-reading activities Listen to a short passage on success and fill in the missing information. Every character is influenced by heredity, environment and education. But these apart, if every man were not to be a great extent the _________ of his own character, he would be a fatalist, and ____________ creature of circumstances. Instead of saying that man is a creature of circumstance, it would be nearer the mark to say that man is the architect of circumstance. architect irresponsible To be continued

Compound dictation Pre-reading activities Listen to a short passage on success and fill in the missing information. From the same materials one man builds ________, another hovel. Bricks and mortar are mortar and bricks, until the architect can make them something else. The true way to gain much is never to ______ to gain too much. Wise men don’t care for what they can’t have. palaces desire

1. What do you know about public schools in the UK? Cultural background Public schools in the UK & US Questions Previewing 1. What do you know about public schools in the UK? 2. What do you know about public schools in the US? Tips

What do you know about public schools in the UK? Cultural background Public schools in the UK & US What do you know about public schools in the UK? Eton, Harrow, Winchester, etc.; Independent of the state system; Educate secondary-level students for a fee; Evolved from an institution of the late European Middle Ages or Renaissance; Curriculum placed heavy emphasis on the Greek and Roman classics.

2. What do you know about public schools in the US? Cultural background Public schools in the UK & US 2. What do you know about public schools in the US? Elementary or secondary schools mandated for all children by the government; Paid, in part or in whole, by public funding from taxation; Institutions of post-secondary education overseen by government.

Never, ever give up! Text study Main idea & structure Language focus Section A Main idea & structure Language focus Critical thinking Text study

Main ideas of the parts Para. 1 Main idea & structure Para. 1 As a young boy, Winston Churchill attended a public school called _______. Though not a good student, he did finish at Harrow and went on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career and was elected prime minister. His amazing _____________ helped motivated his entire nation and was an __________ worldwide. Harrow determination inspiration

Main ideas of the parts Main idea & structure What did Churchill say when he was invited to address the patriotic young boys at his old school, Harrow? (Para.2) Tips Young men, never give up. Never give up! Never give up! Never, never, never, never! 22

Main ideas of the parts Part I — Paras. 1 – __ 2 Main idea & structure Part I — Paras. 1 – __ 2 By using Winston Churchill’s story and his speech at Harrow as an introduction to the topic, the text makes clear its statement: the secret of success is “____________”. Never give up

Main ideas of the parts Main idea & structure What can the examples of Einstein, Edison and Abraham Lincoln illustrate? (Paras.3-4) Tips Personal history, educational opportunity, individual dilemmas – none of these can inhibit a strong spirit committed to success. 24

What can the example of Sandra Day O’Connor illustrate? (Paras. 5-6) Main ideas of the parts Main idea & structure What can the example of Sandra Day O’Connor illustrate? (Paras. 5-6) Tips Keep their eyes on the prize; Uphold a committed and focused will and spirit; Have the will to overcome profound obstacles and to work diligently. 25

Main ideas of the parts Para. 7 Main idea & structure Para. 7 The secret of success is based upon a burning _____________ – a robust, fierce will and focus – that fuels the _____________ to act, to keep preparing, to keep going even when we are tired and fail. It’s not how many times you fall down that matters. It’s how many times you ___________ that makes success! inward desire determination get back up 26

_______________ to keep going, will finally succeed. strong will Main ideas of the parts Main idea & structure Part II — Paras. 3 – 7 Through the examples of world famous scientists, statesman, and jurist, the text brings forward the statement that only those with a __________, those who “keep their eyes on the prize”, and those who __________ _______________ to keep going, will finally succeed. strong will expend the substantial effort

What is the conclusion of the text? (Para. 8) Main ideas of the parts Main idea & structure What is the conclusion of the text? (Para. 8) Tips Where there’s a will, there’s a way; Hard work, determination dedication and preparation; Transcend handicap; Accomplish any feat and achieve success. 28

Main ideas of the parts Part III — Para. 8 Main idea & structure Part III — Para. 8 By reinforcing the statement given in part II, the text draws the conclusion that with hard work, _____________, dedication and preparation, you can _________ any handicap, accomplish any feat, and ______________. determination transcend achieve success

Introduction Structure of the text Main idea & structure Churchill managed to be a successful man although he was not a good student when he was young. (Para. 1) “Never give up” is the speech given by Churchill to young boys in his old school. (Para. 2)

Introduction Illustration Structure of the text The examples of Main idea & structure Introduction Illustration The examples of Einstein, Edison, and Lincoln can well illustrate that nothing can inhibit a strong spirit committed to success. (Paras. 3-4) The example of Sandra Day O’Connor shows that only those who “keep their eyes on the prize” will find their endeavors successful. (Paras. 5-6) Without substantial effort, only saying that they want something will not bring success to people. (Para. 7)

Introduction Illustration Conclusion Structure of the text Main idea & structure Introduction Illustration Conclusion With hard work, determination, dedication and preparation, you can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat, and achieve success. (Para. 8)

Introduction Illustration Conclusion Structure of the text Main idea & structure Introduction Illustration Conclusion

Never, never, never, never Summary of the text Main idea & structure Never, ever give up! When invited to address the patriotic young boys at his old school, Harrow, Britain’s great Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill gave this short, clear-cut speech: “Young men, ___________. Never give up! Never give up! _____________________!” never give up Never, never, never, never To be continued

educational opportunity Summary of the text Main idea & structure Personal history, ___________________, individual dilemmas – none of these can _____ a strong spirit committed to success. Take Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison and Abraham Lincoln as an example. Despite the immense obstacles and extreme criticism, their strong will, ________, dedication and determination enabled them to ___________ the overwhelming failures and profound difficulties in their lives. educational opportunity inhibit optimism triumph over To be continued

committed and focused will Summary of the text Main idea & structure Many artists, statesmen, writers and inventors achieved prosperity because they possessed a ______________________ to keep preparing and working and a passion to succeed. Many people simply say that they want something, but they do not ___________ ______________ required to achieve it. Many people let the threat of failure stop them from trying with all of their heart. committed and focused will expend the substantial effort To be continued

________, ____________________, and achieve success! fuels Summary of the text Main idea & structure The secret of success is based upon a burning inward desire that _____ the determination to act, to keep preparing, to keep going even when ________________. Focus on becoming more knowledgeable. Focus on _________________________. Maintain the strong will to keep going. With hard work, determination, dedication and preparation, you can _____________ ________, ____________________, and achieve success! fuels we are tired and fail gradual, consistent progress transcend any handicap accomplish any feat

Practical Phrases Specific Meanings Language focus Practical phrases Practical Phrases Specific Meanings 1. deviate from … 偏离，背离…… 2. preclude sb. from doing … 阻止某人做…… 3. triumph over … 战胜…… 4. in (the) pursuit of … 追求…… 5. work one’s way to/through/into… 通过奋斗逐步达到 6. give up on … 放弃…… 7. focus on … 专注于……

Practical phrases 短语应用 意群提示 偏离，背离…… 短语逆译 deviate from … Language focus Practical phrases 偏离，背离…… 短语逆译 deviate from … 短语应用 有人生目标的人是永远不会偏离正确航向的。 意群提示 (life compass/correct course) Those who have a life compass in their mind will never deviate from the correct course.

Practical phrases 短语应用 意群提示 preclude sb. from doing … 阻止某人做…… 短语逆译 Language focus Practical phrases preclude sb. from doing … 阻止某人做…… 短语逆译 短语应用 有志者事竟成。 意群提示 (willing heart / to achieve success) Nothing can preclude a willing heart from achieving success.

Practical phrases 短语应用 意群提示 战胜…… 短语逆译 triumph over … Language focus Practical phrases 战胜…… 短语逆译 triumph over … 短语应用 中国人民只要万众一心，必将战胜任何困难，从而立足于世界之巅。 意群提示 (to work with one heart and one mind/to stand on top of the world) As long as the Chinese people work with one heart and one mind, they will triumph over any difficulties and stand on top of the world.

Practical phrases 短语应用 意群提示 追求…… in (the) pursuit of … 短语逆译 Language focus Practical phrases 追求…… 短语逆译 in (the) pursuit of … 短语应用 一个国家在追求经济发展的同时，应当对环境保护给予足够重视。 意群提示 (to give due emphasis to) While in pursuit of economic growth, a nation should give due emphasis to the protection of the environment.

Practical phrases 短语应用 意群提示 work one’s way to/through/into … 通过奋斗逐步达到 Language focus Practical phrases work one’s way to/through/into … 通过奋斗逐步达到 短语逆译 短语应用 通过激烈的竞争进入大学的同学们应当将大学教育作为人生奋斗的新起点而非终点。 意群提示 ( to take … as / life endeavor ) Students who have fiercely worked their way into universities should take college education as a new starting point rather than the finishing line of their life endeavor.

Practical phrases 短语应用 意群提示 give up on … 放弃…… 短语逆译 Language focus Practical phrases give up on … 放弃…… 短语逆译 短语应用 在地震过后的搜救工作中，解放军战士不放弃任何生命迹象。 意群提示 (search and rescue work/life signs) In the search and rescue work after the earthquake, the PLA soldiers didn’t give up on any life signs.

Practical phrases 短语应用 意群提示 专注于…… 短语逆译 focus on … Language focus Practical phrases 专注于…… 短语逆译 focus on … 短语应用 大学生应将主要精力专注于学习而不是各种令其分心的事物。 意群提示 (various distractions) College students should focus most of their energy on studies rather than on various distractions.

Functional patterns Functional Patterns Functions & Usages Language focus Functional patterns Functional Patterns Functions & Usages 1. A, B, C – none of these be/do… 用于表达“对已知条件的否定”。 2. Sb. do sth., not because …, but because … 用于表达“某人做某事的原因”。 3. It’s not … that matters. It’s …that be/do… 用于表达“对某事物最为重要的因素是……”。 46

原句译文 逆译练习 Functional patterns Language focus Functional patterns 原句译文 个人经历、教育机会、个人困境，这些都不能阻挡一个全力以赴追求成功的、有着坚强意志的人。 逆译练习 Personal history, educational opportunity, individual dilemmas— none of these can inhibit a strong spirit committed to success. 句型提炼 47

句型提炼 应用提示 Functional patterns A, B, C — none of these be/do… Language focus Functional patterns 句型提炼 A, B, C — none of these be/do… 应用提示 用于表达“对已知条件的否定”。 句型应用 48

Functional patterns 典型例句 意群提示 金钱、名誉、社会地位，这些都不应作为判断一个人是否成功的唯一标准。 Language focus Functional patterns 典型例句 金钱、名誉、社会地位，这些都不应作为判断一个人是否成功的唯一标准。 意群提示 ( to be regarded as/standard for ) Money, fame, social status — none of these should be regarded as the only standard for the judgment of one’s success.

原句译文 逆译练习 Functional patterns 他们取得了成功，并不是因为成功很容易，而是因为他们拥有克服重重障碍的 Language focus Functional patterns 原句译文 他们取得了成功，并不是因为成功很容易，而是因为他们拥有克服重重障碍的 意志，为了追求目标而勤奋努力。 逆译练习 They attained success, not because it was easy, but because they had the will to overcome profound obstacles and to work diligently in the pursuit of their goals. 句型提炼 50

句型提炼 应用提示 Functional patterns Language focus Functional patterns 句型提炼 Sb. do sth., not because …, but because … 应用提示 用于表达“某人做某事的原因”。 句型应用 51

Functional patterns 典型例句 意群提示 我选择厚道，不是因为我笨拙，而是因为我深信，厚德能载物。 Language focus Functional patterns 典型例句 我选择厚道，不是因为我笨拙，而是因为我深信，厚德能载物。 意群提示 (honest and kind/ great virtue/hold the world) I choose to be honest and kind, not because I am stupid, but because I firmly believe that great virtue holds the world.

原句译文 逆译练习 Functional patterns 你摔倒了多少次并不要紧；你能多少次重新站起来对成功才至关重要！ Language focus Functional patterns 原句译文 你摔倒了多少次并不要紧；你能多少次重新站起来对成功才至关重要！ 逆译练习 It’s not how many times you fall down that matters. It’s how many times you get back up that makes success!” 句型提炼 53

句型提炼 应用提示 Functional patterns Language focus Functional patterns 句型提炼 It’s not … that matters. It’s … that be/do… 应用提示 用于表达“对某事物最为重要的因素……”。 句型应用 54

Functional patterns 典型例句 意群提示 要获得成功，你现在的位置不重要，重要的是你前进的方向。 Language focus Functional patterns 典型例句 要获得成功，你现在的位置不重要，重要的是你前进的方向。 意群提示 (current position/to head for) It’s not where your current position is that matters. It’s where you are heading for that leads you to success.

Language appreciation Language focus Language appreciation 年轻人，要永不放弃。永不放弃！永不放弃！永不，永不，永不，永不！ a. Young men, never give up. Never give up! Never give up! Never, never, never, never! (Para.2, L6)

Language appreciation Language focus Language appreciation 任务再苦，准备再长，难度再大，都不能放弃自己的追求。 b. No task is too hard. No amount of preparation is too long or too difficult. (Para.3, L2)

Language appreciation Language focus Language appreciation 然而，坚强的意志鞭策着他，推动他前进，使他更加乐观、投入、坚毅。 c. Yet his strong will was the spur that pushed him forward, strengthening his optimism, dedication and determination. (Para.4, L6)

Language appreciation Language focus Language appreciation 只有那些“执着地追求成功”的人，那些保持始终如一的精神意志的人，才会通过自身的努力，获得成功。 d. Only those who “keep their eyes on the prize”, those who uphold a committed and focused will and spirit, will find their endeavors successful. (Para.5, L1)

Language appreciation Language focus Language appreciation 你摔倒了多少次并不要紧；你能多少次重新站起来对成功才至关重要！ e. It’s not how many times you fall down that matters. It’s how many times you get back up that makes success! (Para.7, L5)

Language appreciation Language focus Language appreciation 只要刻苦努力，意志坚决，专心投入，准备充分，你就能跨越一切障碍，达成所有壮举，取得成功！ f.With hard work, determination, dedication and preparation, you can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat, and achieve success! (Para.8, L4)

Do you agree that there are times when it’s simply better to give up? Critical thinking Theme exploration How do you understand the remark “It’s not how many times you fall down that matters. It’s how many times you get back up that makes success!”? Do you agree that there are times when it’s simply better to give up? How can we avoid wasting time and energy in achieving success? Tips

Critical thinking Theme exploration How do you understand the remark “It’s not how many times you fall down that matters. It’s how many times you get back up that makes success!”? You may have tried and failed many times before you finally get success. But it does not matter. What matters is whether you can summon up (鼓起) all your courage again and again to face the hardships standing in the way of success.

Critical thinking Theme exploration 2. Do you agree that there are times when it’s simply better to give up? When I have realized that I am pursuing something that is hard to achieve, I would try to stick to the goal. But I will begin to think of what I can do to improve the situation. When it still doesn’t work, I would try to analyze what the problem is and then make some changes and probably reset my goal. To be continued

Critical thinking Theme exploration 2. Do you agree that there are times when it’s simply better to give up? Yes, sometimes we are pursuing the wrong goal which can never be achieved, only to find ourselves in deep frustration and profound fatigue. In this situation, I may give up the wrong goal and set up another goal that is achievable.

3. How can we avoid wasting time and energy in achieving success? Critical thinking Theme exploration 3. How can we avoid wasting time and energy in achieving success? • Following the guidance of senior people. • Getting sound advice from our parents. • Setting a correct goal. • Achieving success step by step. • Developing good interpersonal relationships.

Critical thinking Culture exploration When talking about success, do you think there are any differences between the Chinese and the westerners? Chinese believe that personal relationship is the most important factor to one’s success. Chinese tend to equate power, fame and money to success. Westerners believe that self-independence is a key to success. Westerners tend to regard success as the realization of one’s self-value.

What do you think is the key to success? Critical thinking What do you think is the key to success? Watch a video clip and discuss the question: Tips Video Watching

Critical thinking Back

What do you think is the key to success? Critical thinking What do you think is the key to success? I agree with what the speaker holds in the video clip, it is grit (坚韧不拔的意志). Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals. It is a significant predictor of success. we need to possess a committed and focused will as well as grit to keep preparing and working towards the goal. With hard work, determination, dedication and preparation, we can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat, and achieve success!

Never, ever give up! Language application Writing devices Oral reproduction Paragraph translation Never, ever give up! Section A

Develop an example essay Writing devices Essay writing Develop an example essay In an example essay, you support your point by illustrating it with examples. If, for instance, you make a statement and someone says to you, “Prove it”, what do you do? Most likely, you will provide an example or two to support your claim. Indeed, it is hard to write a good essay of any kind without using at least some examples. Good examples help to clarify your thought by making the general specific, and the abstract concrete. They also add interest and help to persuade or convince your readers. to be continued

Guidelines for a successful example essay Writing devices Essay writing Guidelines for a successful example essay 1. A wise selection of sufficient examples which are specific and typical, interesting and relevant. The examples may consist of either personal experiences or second-hand information from reliable sources. 2. An expert arrangement of these examples. Similar or related examples should be grouped together and arranged according to the order of time, space, or importance.

Writing devices Essay writing Take a look at Paragraphs 3 & 4 of Text A to see how examples are used to support the point:

Essay writing Writing devices Topic sentence: Personal history, educational opportunity, individual dilemmas – none of these can inhibit a strong spirit committed to success. (Para. 3) Further illustration: No task is too hard. No amount of preparation is too long or too difficult. (Para. 3) Examples: Take the example of two of the most scholarly scientists of our age, Albert Einstein and Thomas Edison. (Para. 3) Another more detailed example: Consider also the heroic example of Abraham Lincoln, who faced substantial hardships, failures and repeated misfortunes in his lifetime. (Para. 4)

Writing devices Essay writing Read the sample essay and see how the examples are developed and organized.

Thesis statement: Even though it is not easy Writing devices Essay writing Topic: Biological clocks Introduction: Thesis statement: Even though it is not easy to explain why, scientists believe living things must have built-in biological clocks that can be reset. to be continued

Writing devices Essay writing Body: 1 Topic sentence: To start with, various 24-hour rhythms observed in people’s biological clocks can be adjusted. Example: A traveler flying from New York to London can adjust his normal rhythms to London time. to be continued

Writing devices Essay writing Body: 2 Topic sentence: The same kind of resetting also takes place in the biological clocks of animals and plants. Example 1: The clock of an animal or plant can be set to the laboratory-produced hours of light and dark. Example 2: Mussels can adjust to the tides of the new beach after being moved from the old one. to be continued

Writing devices Essay writing Conclusion: Biological clocks, in a way, serve as automatic internal “watches” for all living things. to be continued

Writing devices Essay writing Sample: Have you ever heard about “biological clock”, a popular term for an internal regulator responsible for various time-based responses in living things? Many scientists think all living things are able to act on a regular timetable. Even though it is not easy to explain why, scientists believe living things must have built-in biological clocks that can be reset. to be continued

Writing devices Essay writing Sample: To start with, various 24-hour rhythms observed in people’s biological clocks can be adjusted. The most obvious is the alternation of wakefulness with sleep. Disruption of the human built-in rhythms can temporarily upset the body. When a passenger flies across many time zones in a few hours, the discomfort, called “jet lag”, results. Let’s look at the example of a traveler flying from New York to London. In New York, his normal 24-hour rhythm of sleep and all his other important body activities are set to the eastern time of the United States. to be continued

Writing devices Essay writing Sample: However, when he gets to London, the day begins five hours earlier. The New Yorker’s rhythms are now out of step with London by about the same amount of time. In other words, his clock is still working for New York rather than London. However, within a few days his body rhythm will gradually shift into step with the time in England. to be continued

Writing devices Essay writing Sample: The same kind of resetting also takes place in the biological clocks of animals and plants. When a biological clock is reset, activities can start and stop at any hour of the day. This may be shown in a simple experiment where an animal or plant is placed in a laboratory, shut off from outside natural light influences. Light is turned on during the daylight hours of some part of the world and turned off during the night hours. After a few such 24-hour days, the clock of the animal or plant will be set to the laboratory-produced hours of light and dark. to be continued

Writing devices Essay writing Sample: The same is true of mussels ( 贻贝) that are moved to a new beach. The tides rise and fall about six hours later than they do at the home beach. For a few days, the mussels open at the wrong time but always with the same amount of time between these openings. Finally, they will adjust to the rhythm of the new beach. to be continued

Writing devices Essay writing Sample: Thus, biological clocks, in a way, serve as automatic internal “watches” for all living things. But how the built-in biological clocks work remains a myth for humans. One can expect that in the near future there will be an even greater understanding of biological clocks.

Writing practice Essay writing Writing devices Essay writing Writing practice Directions: Write an essay of no less than 2000 words on one of the following topics. One topic has an outline you can follow.

Topic: My troublesome apartment Writing devices Essay writing Topic: My troublesome apartment Introduction: Thesis statement: My apartment has given me nothing but headaches. Body: Example 1: My landlord has been uncooperative. Example 2: I also have problems with the janitor (大楼管理员). Example 3: The worst trouble is with the neighbors who live above. Conclusion: My apartment is surrounded by all these troubles, which make me think about moving out.

• Over-dependence on computers • Colorful college life Writing devices Essay writing More topics: • Over-dependence on computers • Colorful college life

Make a speech on the following topic. Oral reproduction Speech making Make a speech on the following topic. Suppose you are to give a speech on how to achieve success.

You can follow the outline given below. Oral reproduction Speech making You can follow the outline given below. Part I. Opening part of the speech Your definition of success: Realization of one’s self-value, hopes and ideals vs. holding power, money, high social status, and living luxurious life. To be continued

You can follow the outline given below. Oral reproduction Speech making You can follow the outline given below. Part II. Illustration (How to achieve success) 1. A strong will committed to success (examples); 2. An achievable goal (examples); 3. Focused hard work and persistence (examples); Part III. Conclusion With hard work, determination, dedication and preparation, you can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat, and achieve success. To be continued

You may adopt the following expressions. Oral reproduction Speech making You may adopt the following expressions. in pursuit of …; to fulfill one’s dreams/hopes/ideals, etc.; to make great contribution to …; never give up; to uphold a committed and focused will and spirit; a burning inward desire that fuels the determination to act, to keep preparing, and to keep going.

Paragraph translation Translate a paragraph based on a summary of the text by using the expressions from the text.

Paragraph translation 很多人只是嘴上说他们想要什么东西，但并不真正地付出大量努力去实现。很多人因为害怕失败而不敢全心尝试。而成功的秘诀在于内心燃烧的欲望，从而激发行动的决心，即使疲惫，即使失败，也会继续准备，继续前进。 expend great effort trying with all their heart burning inward desire fuels the determination To be continued

Paragraph translation focus on 专注于汲取更多的知识，争取持之以恒地渐进，保持永不言退的坚强意志。只要刻苦努力，意志坚决，专心投入，准备充分，你就能跨越一切障碍，达成所有壮举，取得成功！ gradual, consistent progress transcend any handicap accomplish any feat Samples

Paragraph translation Many people simply say that they want something, but they do not expend the substantial effort required to achieve it. Many people let the threat of failure stop them from trying with all of their heart. The secret of success is based upon a burning inward desire that fuels the determination to act, to keep preparing, to keep going even when we are tired and fail. Focus on becoming more knowledgeable. Focus on gradual, consistent progress. Maintain the strong will to keep going. With hard work, determination, dedication and preparation, you can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat, and achieve success!

the useful expressions the functional patterns Thematic study Summary Revision of the useful expressions the functional patterns Never, ever give up! Section A

the useful expressions Revision of the useful expressions Language points—Useful expressions 1 偏离，背离…… 2 阻止某人做…… 3 战胜…… 4 追求…… 5 通过奋斗逐步达到 6 放弃…… 7 专注于…… 8 移开；从……开除 9 认定……失败 10 充当；起作用 deviate from … preclude sb. from doing … triumph over ... in the pursuit of … work one’s way to/through/into … give up on … focus on … remove … from … write … off act as

the useful expressions Revision of the useful expressions Language points—Useful expressions 11 不足；不够好 12 为……而鞭笞…… 13 赞颂……为/是…… 14 付出努力去做…… 15 内心燃烧的欲望 16 执着于…… 17 跨越一切障碍 18 达成所有壮举 19 因……而成名 20 言简意赅的讲话 fall down whip … for … commend … as … expend effort to do … burning inward desire keep one’s eyes on … transcend any handicap accomplish any feat achieve fame for … short, clear-cut speech

the functional patterns Revision of the functional patterns Language points—Useful patterns Functions & Usages Sentence Patterns 1. 用于表达“对已知条件的 否定”。 2. 用于表达“某人做某事的 原因”。 3用于表达“对某事物最为 重要的因素是……”。 A, B, C – none of these be/do… Sb. do sth., not because …, but because … 上面挤，下面空 It’s not … that matters. It’s … that be/do…

The end Never, ever give up! Section A