Lecture Objectives: Discuss exam questions Define final project assignments Discuss major ES software

Requirement for the project Email me (before Friday morning): Final project group members Project title One paragraph (200-300 words) including - Project objective Methodology Expected results Any schematic drawing is welcome Wednesday after 2 pm and Thursday after 11 am long office hours to discuss your project

Commercial Buildings Building 1) Optimization of building envelops glass area ,shading,…. 2) Effect of internal loads on energy consumption .................. Systems 1) Impact of HVAC systems 2) Design of solar system (PV or hot water) …………….. Life cycle cost analysis in each project

Example of HVAC: water cooled chiller Cooling tower Building Water 120°F Water 52°F Outside air 95°F Water 100°F Inside 75°F Water 42°F Task: analyze COP for the whole year and different locations

Example of HVAC thermal storage systems (in combination with a cooling machine / heat pump) Summer Winter In the summer, the earth acts as a cooling tower. The Cooling Machine loads the loop with heat, sending warmed water to be cooled by the earth In the winter, the earth acts as the boiler. The Heat Pump extracts heat from the loop, sending cooled water to be warmed by the earth.

Residential buildings It is very expensive to optimize each residential building We optimize example buildings to develop local codes UT Solar Decathlon 2007 Home Research Lab Test house (PRC)

Modeling for optimization of Home Research Lab (PSP)

Energy consumption in Austin’s residential house Analyze impact of: envelope Internal loads HVAC systems Conduct life cycle const analysis See handout section

More final project topics: Software (eQUEST) based Energy analysis of building form Integrated design course, Any other building or building system Detail Modeling (your model) Heat recovery systems, Attic problem, Mass transfer (moisture,…) Vented cavity walls - exam problem Green house model Your ideas…

Project Grading Undergraduate students Graduate students Grading criteria (30% of your final grade): 1) Analysis approach: 60% - Modeling quality 20% - Result accuracy 20% - Result analysis 20% 2) Deliverables: 40% - Quality of the final report 25% - Quality of oral presentations 15% Undergraduate students Engineering report Graduate students Research report

Project Timeline 11/11/11 – project defined and approved 11/22/11- generated preliminary results 12/01/11 - oral presentation 12/05/11 - project paper submission

Structure of ES programs Graphical User Interface (GUI) Solver Interface for input data Interface for result presentation Preprocessor ASCI file Preprocessor Engine

Modeling steps Define the domain Analyze the most important phenomena and define the most important elements Discretize the elements and define the connection Write energy and mass balance equations Solve the equations Present the result ES program Preprocessor Solver Postprocessor

Characteristic parameters Conduction (and accumulation) solution method finite dif (explicit, implicit), response functions Time steps Meteorological data Radiation and convection models (extern. & intern.) Windows and shading Infiltration models Conduction to the ground HVAC and control models

ES programs Large variety DOE2 eQUEST (DOE2) BLAST ESPr TRNSYS http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tools_directory DOE2 eQUEST (DOE2) BLAST ESPr TRNSYS EnergyPlus (DOE2 & BLAST)

eQUEST (DOE2) US Department of Energy & California utility customers eQUEST - interface for the DOE-2 solver DOE-2 - one of the most widely used ES program - recognized as the industry standard eQUEST very user friendly interface Good for life-cycle cost and parametric analyses Not very large capabilities for modeling of different HVAC systems Many simplified models Certain limitations related to research application - no capabilities for detailed modeling

ESPr University of Strathclyde - Glasgow, Scotland, UK Detailed models – Research program Use finite difference method for conduction Simulate actual physical systems Enable integrated performance assessments Includes daylight utilization, natural ventilation, airflow modeling CFD, various HVAC and control models Detail model – require highly educated users Primarily for use with UNIX operating systems

TRNSYS Solar Energy Lab - University of Wisconsin Modular system approach One of the most flexible tools available A library of components Various building models including HVAC Specialized for renewable energy and emerging technologies User must provide detailed information about the building and systems Not free

EnergyPlus U S Department of Energy Newest generation building energy simulation program ( BLAST + DOE-2) Accurate and detailed Complex modeling capabilities Large variety of HVAC models Some integration wit the airflow programs Zonal models and CFD Detail model – require highly educated users Very modest interface Third party interface – very costly