2. Eubacteria “true” bacteria microscopic ex cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) on earth for over 3 billion years able to carry out photosynthesis (produces oxygen) oxygen conc of atmosphere increased allowing oxygen breathers (animals) to survive

Uses of Eubacteria digestion in intestines yoghurt/cheese production fermentation (wine, beer, pickling…) wastewater/oil spill/toxic spill treatment BiologySource decomposers

Dangerous Eubacteria cause health problems: strep throat food poisoning (E. coli and salmonella)

Structure & Function of Bacteria microscopic smallest living cells classified according to: cell shape cell wall structure motility (way of moving)

1. Cell Shape 3 basic cell shapes spherical – “cocci” rod-shaped – “ bacilli” spiral – “spirochetes”

prefixes are added to show living arrangement of bacteria strepto – chain stphlyo - cluster

CAN YOU NAME IT??? diplococcus staphylococcus streptococcus

2. Cell Wall Structure 2 kinds of cell walls, appear different when stained with Gram stain peptidoglycan – thick coat of sugars, makes wall strong & rigid (Gram postive) less peptidoglycan (Gram negative)

Movement various methods: most mobile bacteria use flagella (whip- like tail) others secrete mucous can glide on

Typical Bacteria

How Bacteria Reproduce Asexual - Binary Fission 1 original cell splits into 2 can occur in 20 minutes for many bacteria species. In 12 hours, 1 bacterium can divide to form a colony of 68 billion cells. overcrowding, waste, and food availability do not allow populations to grow this large. produces colonies of bacteria that are genetically identical.

2. Types of Sexual Reproduction Transformation: bacteria pick up stray DNA from their surroundings. Conjugation: two bacterial cells join (= conjugate) to exchange genetic material (plasmids, separate from main DNA)

3. Transduction: viruses that infect bacteria transmit genetic material from another source Endospores form when environmental conditions make normal functions too difficult.