The Road to Revolution Chapter 10 Guided Notes

Texas Under Mexico’s Rule In 1824, Mexico adopted the Constitution of 1824 which established a federal government. The constitution gave limited power to the central government and broad power to the states (division of power called federalism) Most Tejanos, Texans, and US settlers supported the constitution as it gave more power to Texas.

Fredonian Rebellion Haden Edwards had his empresario contract cancelled by the Mexican gov’t because he of his actions in trying to control local gov’t and not honoring the terms of his deal. Edwards didn’t agree with the decision and arrested the alcalde (elected offical) and declared himself and his supporters free of Mexican rule, establishing republic of Fredonia on December 21, Mexico sent troops to handle Edwards and the rebels fled. Mexico’s Reaction –Believed Fredonian rebellion was part of a U.S. plot to take away Texas –Banned slavery –Banned immigration from the United States with the Law of April 6, 1830 –Placed tariffs on imported U.S. goods –Sent more troops and established new garrisons Settlers’ Reaction –Outrage with the ban on U.S. immigration –Anger at having to pay taxes Settlers believed it was their right to stand up to Mexican leaders

Coahuila Y Texas In 1825 per the constitution, the Texas region joined the Mexican state of Coahuila forming Coahuila y Texas Texas remained a political subdivision and was later divided into 3 departments

Slavery (and other issues) in Texas “The colonists in Texas will not be Mexicans more than in name” – An American newspaper in 1825 One of the biggest issues to separate the US settlers in Texas and the Mexican government was slavery. During the 1820’s both Coahuila y Texas and the Mexican National government restricted slavery, even though many Texans ignored the restrictions Several Texans including Stephen F Austin were opposed to slavery but felt it was necessary at the time to keep the economy moving in the right direction. In 1827, the Coahuila y Texas state outlawed slavery. In 1829, President Vicente Guerrero issued a decree ending Slavery

The Law of April 6, 1830 In response to Mier y Teran’s report, The Law of April 6, 1830 was passed. This banned US immigration into Texas as well as made it illegal for Texans to bring in more slaves. Mexico hoped this would increase Mexico’s control over Texas President Vicente Guerrero

Conflicts at Anahuac 5 W’s of Anahuac Who: Hundreds of Troops stationed in Texas to enforce the Law of April 6, A rebellion made of townspeople was led by the brother of an arrested man. What: Tensions were rising in Anahuac between Texans and Mexican officials Where: Anahuac- an important trade route and immigration point at the mouth of the Trinity River on Galveston Bay When: In the 1830’s after the Law of April 6, 1830 was passed Why: Import taxes/control of trade as well as the arresting of several Texans

The Turtle Bayou Resolutions 5 W’s of The Turtle Bayou Resolutions Who: Over 150 Texas townspeople who opposed the actions in Anahuac What: An official document that stated the opinions and reasons behind the march/capturing of Mexican troops at Anahuac. Where: Turtle Bayou- a few miles from Anahuac When: June 13, 1832 Why: It was not a rebellion against the government but a defending of their rights under the constitution

The Battle of Velasco During the march and minor exchange of gunfire at Anahuac (prior to the resolutions), some of the men left to find a cannon in the town of Brazoria. Unaware that the resolution had been filed and the conflict was over, the men headed back to Anahuac. When they reached Velasco, the Mexican officials would not let them pass resulting in The Battle of Velasco on June 26, The Mexican army soon ran out of ammunition an surrendered to the Texas colonists

Bustamante VS. Santa Anna Anastacio Bustamante- Mexico’s President from 1830 to 1832 after overthrowing and killing President Vicente Guerrero. He took complete control of Mexico which did not comply with the Constitution of 1824 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna- Led a revolt against President Bustamante and was successful. He was elected President in He had the support of Texas as well as much of Mexico. They all hoped he would restore the constitution.

The Convention of 1832/1833 Why 2? Why 2? - many delegates did not attend the first convention leading to second convention Texans hoped he would… Santa Anna Elected President of Mexico in Constitution of 1824 Enforce because its federalists principles gave Texas strong local control. Convention of 1832/1833 -Allow US immigration - Make Texas a separate state - Exempt TX from customs duties. - Provide land for schools

Austin is ARRESTED!! Austin set out on a 3 month mission to Mexico City to present the demands established in the Conventions of 1832 and 1833 to Santa Anna in April of Because of other issues the nation was facing, Santa Anna and the congress could not meet to discuss Austin’s demands until November. In October, Austin (very frustrated) wrote to the Texas government ordering them to go ahead and begin organizing a state government; even though that demand had yet to be granted.

Austin is ARRESTED cont!! When Austin finally was able to meet with Santa Anna, all the demands from the conventions were granted EXCEPT Texas being made into a separate state. Austin was satisfied and returned to Texas only to be arrested by Mexican officials who intercepted the letter he had written. Austin was imprisoned for a year (without trial) for “Challenging the Mexican Government”

Moving Towards War 1834 – Santa Anna declares Mexico is not ready to become a republic and creates a centralist government ---- a violation of the Constitution of 1824 (centralism vs. federalism?) 1835 – Santa Anna sent more troops and customs collectors, legalized immigration from the United States, and removed some customs duties 1835 – Captain Antonio Tenorio caused further tensions by collecting customs in Anahuac (no taxes since 1832) William Travis sailed the Ohio and forced Tenorio to leave Texas General Martín Perfecto de Cos ordered Travis’ arrest along with several others including Lorenzo de Zavala – a former Mexican cabinet member and state governor Ordered more troops to occupy Texas

The Consultation General Cos planned to process prisoners through the military court system --- many Texans did not agree with this October 15, 1835 – The Consultation met to discuss what to do about Mexico –Two factions in Texas --- one for peace with Mexico, the other the “war faction” searching for independence Stephen F. Austin supported the war faction